Monopolies -- United States; Railroads and state -- United States
construct dams across streams and appropriate such portions of the
overflowed lands of adjoining owners to their own use, upon payment of
its value as found by appraisers. A and B, and their associates, desire
to build a mill; in the construction of their dam they cause the
backwater to flood the land of C. Under the provisions of the statute a
jury is called, who assess the value of the land of C so overflowed and
appropriated by A and B. The mill is built for the accommodation of the
public. All who desire to do so can take their grain to this mill and
have it ground upon payment of the required toll. The owners have, under
the statute, the same right of eminent domain that is conferred upon
railroad companies; and their mill is used expressly for grinding for
all who patronize it and pay the required toll. The owners of the
railroad, and the owners of the mill alike, serve the public. Both do it
for a pecuniary consideration. Both have the same right of appropriating
the property of others. Yet the railroad, under the decisions of the
courts, is a public corporation, while the mill is a private one. The
railroad corporation is clothed with one of the attributes of
sovereignty, while the owners of the mill retain their character as a
private corporation. No good reason appears for this distinction. While
we admit that the supreme court of the United States has decided that
because of the fact of legislatures having granted to railroad companies
the right to appropriate the lands of other persons to be used as
road-beds, they become public corporations, and that until reversed we
must accept it as the law, we contend that as long as the railroads are
owned and controlled by private parties, and their earnings are
appropriated and used exclusively for private purposes, the facts are in
direct conflict with the law as declared by the supreme court, and that
either the facts or the law must be changed before they harmonize.
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