[96] _Borassus flabelliformis_ of the palm family, which, though hardly used in these times of cheap paper as a provider of writing material, serves the natives for a hundred other purposes. [97] Two of the eight arms were already missing in 1815 to judge from Raffles’ reproduction. [98] See his article, _Pictorial Art in Asia_, in the _Contemporary Review_ of May, 1911. [99] Bas-relief on the remains of a small building detached from the _chandi_ Panataran proper. [100] _Bijdrage tot de Kennis van het Javaansche Tooneel._ [101] _Kulit_ means leather, the material of which the puppets are made. [102] The _gamelan_, as already remarked, is the Javanese orchestra, and besides the _gamelan salendro_ and the _gamelan pelog_, the _gamelan miring_ should be mentioned, which varies from the former in the higher pitch of one of the five notes as produced by some of the instruments. The Kiahi Moonggang, a relic of mighty Mojopahit, the oldest, most sacred and least melodious of the royal sets of _gamelan_ instruments, is played every Saturday evening and so long as its tones fill the air, all other _gamelans_ must remain silent. Cf. Dr. J. GRONEMAN, _De Gamelan te Jogjakarta_. [103] The _topeng_ actors are masked conformably to the meaning of the word. Masques and masquerades seem to be of high antiquity in Java; the _Malat_ of the _Panji_-cycle already mentions that kind of dramatic entertainment. [104] Utilised for prose works in the _langen driya_, devised by Pangeran Arya Mangku Negara IV., and in the _langen asmara_, devised by Prabu Widaya, a son of Paku Buwono IX. [105] In Balinese decoration, writes Miss MARTINE TONNET (see her article already cited), the _naga_- (or _kala-naga_-) seems to flourish beside the _makara_-ornament. [106] Lit. “white tiger”, situated in Banyuwangi. [Illustration] CHAPTER VII BUDDHIST JAVA Was ist das Heiligste? Das was heut’ und ewig die Geister Tief und tiefer gefühlt, immer nur einiger macht.[107] WOLFGANG VON GOETHE, _Vier Jahreszeiten (Herbst)._