[65] _Ngoko_ is spoken among the common people, among children, by adults to children and by those of superior to those of inferior rank; _kromo_ by those of inferior to those of superior rank and by people of high rank amongst themselves unless differences in social degree or grades of relationship require another mode of address; _dagellan_ or _gendaloongan_ (in Surakarta) and _madya_ (in Jogjakarta), a mixture of _ngoko_ and _kromo_, by people of equal rank conversing in an unofficial capacity, politely but without constraint, by those of superior to those of inferior rank, their seniors in years whom they wish to honour, by merchants of equal rank and the higher servants of the nobility to one another; _kromo-inggil_ comprises a group of words used when referring to whatever is divine or very exalted on earth; _basa kedaton_ is the language of the Court, spoken by all males in the presence of the reigning prince or in his _kraton_ whether he be present or not, but in addressing him or his heir presumptive, _kromo_ is used; the reigning prince employs _ngoko_ interspersed with _kromo-inggil_ words when referring to himself; the women in the _kraton_ speak _kromo_ or _kromo-madya_ among themselves, _basa kedaton_ to such men-folk as they are allowed to see and _kromo_ to the reigning prince or his heir presumptive; _ngoko andap_ is a coarse sort of speech which descends to the use of words, in relation to man, ordinarily applied only to animals; _kromo-dessa_ means rustic speech in general. [66] The central and most refined Javanese of Mataram or Surakarta, spoken in the Principalities, the Kadu, the Bagelen, Madioon and Kediri; the western Javanese, spoken in Cheribon and Banyumas; the _basa_ or _temboong pasasir_ (speech of the coast), spoken in Tagal, Pekalongan, Samarang, Yapara and Rembang; the eastern Javanese, spoken in Surabaya, Pasuruan, Probolinggo and Besuki. [67] A cult with a ritual handed down from the past and scrupulously observed. Cf. the account of a visit to Selo in 1849, published from papers left by Dr. M. W. SCHELTEMA, in _De Gids_, December, 1909. [68] The Javanese do not kiss in the disgusting, unwholesome, western fashion; they smell or sniff, using the olfactory instead of the osculatory organs, as sufficiently indicated by the words of the native vocabulary describing the operation referred to. In this matter again, the Hindu immigrants may have made their influence felt. Cf. Professor E. WASHBURN HOPKINS’ interesting paper on _The Sniff-Kiss in Ancient India_, in the _Journal of the American Oriental Society_, vol. xxviii., first half, 1907.