Monumentum Ancyranum: The Deeds of AugustusAugustus, Emperor of Rome
History
Monumentum Ancyranum: The Deeds of Augustus
Augustus, Emperor of Rome
Augustus, Emperor of Rome, 63 B.C.-14 A.D.; Rome -- History -- Augustus, 30 B.C.-14 A.D. -- Sources
Undoubtedly, all through the _Res Gestæ_, as is pointed out in
the introduction, and as has been noticed from time to time in these
notes, one of his great aims is to represent himself as a conservative,
moving within constitutional limits. Coins of the period emphasize the
view set forth in the opening sentence of this chapter with regard to
the restoration of the republic. Cf. Eckhel, VI, 83: _imp. Cæsar
divi f. cos. VI, libertatis p. R. vindex_; “The imperator, Cæsar,
son of the divine (Cæsar) consul for the sixth time, (726) restorer of
the freedom of the Roman people.” Cf. C. I. L. VI, 1527: “the whole
world pacified, the republic restored.” Also, C. I. L. I, p. 384; the
date referred to is Jan. 13, 727: “The senate decreed that an oaken
crown should be fixed above the door of the imperator, Cæsar Augustus,
because he restored the Roman republic.” Contemporary Roman writers
simply echo the views of Augustus. Cf. Ovid, _Fasti_, I, 589,
for Jan. 13, 727, Velleius, II, 89, says: “When the civil wars were
finished in the twentieth year, (724) and the foreign wars brought to
a close, peace was brought back, power restored to the laws, authority
to the tribunals, majesty to the senate, the _imperium_ of the
magistrates reduced to its old time form, the original and ancient
form of the state restored.” Cf. Livy, _Epit._, CXXXIV. The
Greek Strabo, also a contemporary, writes, XVII, 3, 25: “The country
committed to him the headship of her sovereignty, and made him lord of
peace and war for life.” Later writers, even the Romans, are equally
free in their judgments. Dio, LII, I, says: “From this time (725) the
affairs of Rome began to be in the control of one man (μοναρχεῖσθαι).”
Cf. Suet. _Aug._, 28; Tac. _Ann._, III, 28. Dio’s account of
the conference in which Agrippa advises a real abdication by Augustus,
and Mæcenas urges a bold assumption of supreme power (LII, 1-40) is
regarded as fictitious.
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