Chapter IX. discusses the subject of contracts, with the general conditions required for a valid contract. Chapter X. Of Veracity. Like most writers on morals, Hutcheson breaks in upon the strict rule of veracity by various necessary, but ill-defined, exceptions. Expressions of courtesy and etiquette are exempted, so also artifices in war, answers extorted by unjust violence, and some cases of peculiar necessity, as when a man tells a lie to save thousands of lives. Chapter XI. Oaths and Vows. Chapter XII. belongs rather to Political Economy. Its subject is the values of goods in commerce, and the nature of coin. Chapter XIII. enumerates the various classes of contracts, following the Roman Law, taking up _Mandatum, Depositum_, Letting to Hire, Sale, &c. Chapter XIV. adds the Roman _quasi-contracts_. Chapter XV. Rights arising from injuries or wrongs _(torts)_. He condemns duelling, but admits that, where it is established, a man may, in some cases, be justified in sending or accepting a challenge. Chapter XVI. Rights belonging to society as against the individual. The perfect rights of society are such as the following:--(1) To prevent suicide; (2) To require the producing and rearing of offspring, at least so far as to tax and discourage bachelors; (3) To compel men, though not without compensation, to divulge useful inventions; (4) To compel to some industry, &c. Chapter XVII. takes up some cases where the ordinary rights of property or person are set aside by some overbearing necessity. Chapter XVIII. The way of deciding controversies in a state of nature by arbitration. Book III.--Civil Polity, embracing Domestic and Civil Rights. Chapter I. _Marriage_. Hutcheson considers that Marriage should be a perpetual union upon equal terms, 'and not such a one wherein the one party stipulates to himself a right of governing in all domestic affairs, and the other promises subjection.' He would allow divorce for adultery, desertion, or implacable enmity on either side. Upon defect of children, some sort of concubinage would be preferable to divorce, but leaving to the woman the option of divorce with compensation. He notices the misrepresentations regarding Plato's scheme of a community of wives; 'Never was there in any plan less provision made for sensual gratification.' Chapter II. The Rights and Duties of Parents and Children. Chapter III. The Rights and Duties of Masters and Servants. Chapter IV. discusses the Motives to constitute Civil Government. If men were perfectly wise and upright, there would be no need for government. Man is naturally sociable and political [Greek: xon politikon]. Chapter V. shows that the natural method of constituting civil government is by consent or social compact. Chapter VI. The Forms of Government, with their respective advantages and disadvantages.