In 1880 were Indian troubles that caused abandonment of the locations, but a new start was made in 1882, when a number of families came from the deserted Brigham City and Sunset. A new village was started, about 25 miles east of the Arizona line, at first known as Navajo, but later as Ramah. The public square was on the ruins of an ancient Indian pueblo. Ira Hatch came in the fall. A large degree of missionary success appears to have been achieved among the Zuni, with 165 baptisms by Ammon M. Tenney, but at times there was friction with Mexican residents. The land on which the town stood later had to be bought from a cattle company, which had secured title from the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad Company. [Illustration: FOUNDERS OF NORTHERN ARIZONA TOWNS 1--Henry W. Miller 2--Wm. C. Allen 3--George Lake 4--Wm. J. Flake 5--Charles Shumway 6--Geo. H. Crosby, Sr. 7--J.V. Bushman] [Illustration: A FEW MORE PIONEERS 1--Almeda McClellan 6--Benj. F. Johnson 2--Mrs. A.S. Gibbons 7--Martha Curtis 3--Mary Richards 8--Josephine Curtis 4--Joseph Foutz 9--Wm. N. Fife 5--Virginia Curtis 10--J.D. Fife] Bluewater, near the Santa Fe railroad, about thirty miles northeast of Ramah, is a Church outpost, established in 1894 by Ernst A. Trietjen and Friehoff G. Nielson from Ramah. For a while, from 1905, it was the home of C.R. Hakes, former president of the Maricopa Stake. Bluewater now is a prosperous agricultural settlement, with assured stored water supply and an excellent market available for its products. Most southerly of the early New Mexican Church settlements was Pleasanton, on the San Francisco River, in Williams Valley, and sixty miles northwest of Silver City. The first settler was Geo. C. Williams, who came in 1879. At no time was there much population. Jacob Hamblin here spent the few last years of his life, dying August 31, 1886. His family was the last to quit the locality, departing in 1889. Chapter Seventeen Economic Conditions Nature and Man Both Were Difficult To the struggle with the elements, to the difficulties that attended the breaking of a stubborn soil and to the agricultural utilization of a widely-varying water supply, to the burdens of drought and flood and disease was added the intermittent hostility of stock interests that would have stopped all farming encroachment upon the open range. Concerning this phase of frontier life in Arizona, the following is from the pen of B.H. Roberts: