CHOLERA INFANTUM is more prevalent in the United States than in any other country. The continued heat of summer is a predisposing cause, and improprieties in diet and clothing, worms, premature weaning, and teething are exciting causes. You may treat this disease in the initial stage by giving F. 80, and also for a child a year old, injections of a gill of warm water in which a teaspoonful of common salt has been dissolved, allowing the patient three or four times a draught of warm water, as much as it desires to drink. Perhaps the drink will be immediately vomited, but it will at least remove irritating matter from the stomach. The injection, too, may operate immediately, but it may bring with it a fecal or bilious discharge, and if several times repeated, its effects will be salutary. A muslin cloth heated almost to scorching and applied once or twice dry to the neck, may stop vomiting, and draughts applied to the extremities may also be of much benefit. After using injections of warm soft water, anodyne injections may be given three or four times a day; but cases of this kind are too serious for any nurse or mother to treat, if the services of a physician can be obtained; and I will only mention one or two things more. When the extremities are cold put the child for a few minutes in a warm bath of mustard water, and then employ friction to the skin. I have found chicken tea made by boiling the chicken very soon after it is killed, very useful in checking the vomiting and curing the child. Of course a physician will be obtained in these serious cases if possible. RETENTION OF URINE in the newly born infant if slight is easily removed by giving two or three drops of spirits of nitre once an hour in a little sweetened water, or if obstinate it may be aided by castor oil and the warm bath. A little pumpkin seed or parsley root tea also succeeds remarkably well. APTHÆ is usually called the baby’s sore mouth. It generally begins on the inner part of the lower lip or corner of the mouth, as a small white speck which resembles a coagulum of milk. These aphthous white pustules soon appear over the inside of the cheeks and on the tongue and gums. The eruption is very white and looks as if whey or curds were spread over the mouth, which is hot and painful, and the disease sometimes does, and at other times does not cause fever. I regard this complaint as being one of the germ diseases, although the fact has not yet been demonstrated. The children fed upon farinaceous food are most liable to this disease, and during its continuance, if the child is not at the breast it should be kept entirely to the milk of one cow. Medicine should be given with regard to the stomach and bowels. If the passages from the bowels are green, magnesia is a proper kind of physic, and when there is diarrhœa use formula 80, 77, 81.