There are four kinds of Bands in Siam, the precise details of which are given in _Notes on Siamese Musical Instruments_, a work prepared at the Siamese Embassy and published in London, 1885. The Lao Ph[=a]n Band, peculiar to the north of Siam, includes the reed instrument called Ph[=a]n, mentioned in the Introduction, page xviii. [Illustration: XLIII] PLATE XLIII. RANAT EK. KHONG YAI. TA'KHAY. These instruments, like those drawn in Plate XLII., belong to H.M. the King of Siam, and were also drawn for this work by the gracious permission of H.R.H. Prince Narés. Harmonicons of wood and of metal, such as the Ranat and Khong, are the foundation of music in Siam, Burma, Java, and the Indian Archipelago generally. They also extend into India, and even, in another direction, to South Africa. Tuned in Siam to a heptatonic scale, not founded upon an harmonic conception of chords, they present, at least ideally, a ladder of seven equal steps, with which the native ear is satisfied. The performances, some years ago, of the King of Siam's band in the Royal Albert Hall, South Kensington, allowed this scale to be heard, and afforded full scope to the remarkable technical skill of the Ranat players. The instruments drawn are a Ranat Ek of twenty-one wooden bars, in a cradle-like stand beautifully ornamented with ivory; a Khong Yai of eighteen metal kettles, of a kind of bronze or bell metal known as "gongsa," in an ivory stand painted like tortoiseshell, with brass edgings; and the very peculiar Ta'khay, or crocodile, with three strings and twelve bridges, including the nut, to fret them. The last-mentioned instrument is played with a plectrum, and ornamented with a crocodile's head and ivory ornaments. [Illustration: XLIV] PLATE XLIV. HU-CH'IN & BOW. SHÊNG. SAN-HSIEN. P'I-P'A.