=6. Landscape Target Practices.=--As already stated, range and individual field practices cannot be carried out on landscape targets. Collective field practices can be carried out on landscape targets with either ·303 or ·22 ammunition on 30 yards and miniature ranges. As progress is made, landscape target practices should be carried out with a time limit for indicating targets, giving and passing fire orders, and firing. When firing at landscape targets, rifles will be given elevation, so that bullets aimed at objectives on the landscapes will strike a blank or shadowgraph sky screen above the whole of the landscape, even if the objective is at the bottom of the landscape (Fig. 57). For method of valuing hits and scoring in these practices, see Appendix, VI, para. 5. The following are examples of collective field practices which may be carried out on landscape targets: Collective Field Practices on Landscape Targets. =No. 1.= =Object=: To teach concentration of fire. =Directions=: Fire is opened on a given point on the landscape as ordered. If the point is clearly indicated and recognized, and if sighting and fire are accurate, a dense group of shot-holes will be made on sky-screen, the point of mean impact being a point the correct height _vertically_ above the point of aim [see Appendix, VI, para. 5 (i)]. =No. 2.= =Object=: To teach distribution of fire. =Directions=: Fire is opened along a given line of country as ordered. The shot-holes should appear evenly distributed along a line on the sky-screen at a certain height, and immediately above the line of country indicated [see Appendix, VI, para. 5 (ii)]. =No. 3.= =Object=: To teach the use of combined sights. =Directions=: As in No. 1, but half the firers will adjust sights 50 yards above and half 50 yards below the range given. Results will show two groups, which would be merged into one group of great depth in the case of fire of sufficient volume, such as that of two platoons, and illustrates the use of combined sights for increasing the zone of effective fire. =No. 4.= =Object=: To teach observation of fire. =Directions=: A point is indicated on landscape (preferably near the top), and a visible[33] sketch of it is made at any height on the screen and _vertically_ above it. The commander will open fire with such elevation as he thinks necessary, and then correct from observation of shot-holes until on the target.