Germany did these things not only for their political effect, but also because she knew that she could turn the evidence of her own meddling to account. It was for the same reason that Wolf von Igel, von Papen’s secretary and successor, retained in his office a list of American citizens of German descent who “could be relied on.” This list was found by agents of the Department of Justice when von Igel’s office was raided. And the German agents were glad it was discovered. _It gave to Americans an additional proof of the hold that Germany had obtained over a large group of German-Americans._ It was as late as March, 1916, that the members of the Minnesota chapter of the German-American National Alliance received a circular, advising them of the attitude _toward Germany_ of the various candidates for delegate to the national conventions of the different parties, and indicating by a star the names of those men “about whom it has been ascertained that they are in agreement with the views and wishes of _Deutschland_ and that if elected they will act accordingly.” I do not believe that the men who sent that circular expected it to be widely obeyed. But unquestionably they knew it would be made public. I think that if the German conspirators in America had confined their activities to this field they might ultimately have succeeded. They had managed to seduce a sufficient number of German-Americans to cause the entire German-American population to be regarded with suspicion. They had contrived to discredit the pacifist and labor movements by making public their own connection with individuals in these bodies. They had aroused the public to such a pitch of distrust that in the Presidential campaign of 1916 the support of the “German vote” was regarded with distaste by both candidates. And they had helped to create so tremendous a dissension in America that friendships of long standing were broken up, German merchants in many communities lost all but their German customers, and German-Americans were belabored in print with such twaddle as the following: “The German-Americans predominate in the grog-shops, low dives, pawn shops and numerous artifices for money-making and corrupt practices in politics.” The foregoing statement, which I quote from a book, “German Conspiracies in the United States,” written by a gentleman named Skaggs, is not perhaps a fair sample of the attacks made upon German-Americans by the press in general, but it is indicative of the heights to which feeling ran in the case of a few uninformed or hysterical persons. The point is that to a large portion of the populace the German-Americans had become enemies and objects of abuse.