Before the entry of the United States into the war, the principal activities of the German Government’s agents were confined to the fomenting of strikes in munitions plants and other war activities, the organizing of plots to blow up ships, canals, or bridges—anything which would hamper the transportation of supplies to the Allies—and the inciting of sedition by stirring up trouble between German-Americans and Americans of other descent. All of these acts were committed in order to prevent you from aiding in any way the enemies of Germany; and also, by creating disorder in this country in peace times to furnish you with an object lesson of what could be done in war times. These things were planned, overseen and executed by Germans and by other enemies of the Allies, under the leadership of men like von Papen, who were accredited agents of the German Government and who were protected by diplomatic immunity. Now that war has come an entirely new task is before the German Government and an entirely new set of people are needed to do it. Wartime spying is absolutely different from the work which was done before the war, and the two have no connection with each other—except as the work done before the war has prepared the way for the work which is being done now. And whereas the work done before the war was conducted by Germans, the present work, for very obvious reasons, cannot be done by any one who is a German or who is likely to be suspected of German affiliations. I venture to say that not one per cent. of the persons who are engaged in spying for the German Government at the present time are either of German birth or descent. I say this, not because I know how the German secret service is being conducted in this country, but because I know how it has been conducted in other countries. Let me explain. It is obvious that such activities as the inciting to strikes, and the conspiring which were done in the last three years could be safely conducted by Germans, because the two countries were at peace. The moment that war was declared, every German became an object of suspicion, and his usefulness in spying—that is, the obtaining of military, naval, political and diplomatic secrets—was ended immediately. For that reason Germany and every other government which has spies in the enemy country make a practice during war of employing practically no known citizens of its own country. At the present time more than ninety per cent. of the German spies in England are Englishmen. The rest are Russians, Dutchmen, Roumanians—what you will—anything but Germans. One of the former heads of the French secret service in this country was a man who called himself Guillaume. His real name is Wilhelm and he was born in Berlin!