eruption cycles, 166–167 eruption index, 77 eruptions, 32, 45, 55–84, 120–125, 130–131, 169, 173–176 -- Alaska, 75, 141, 169 -- Halemaumau, 120–124, 130–131 -- Irazu, 79–80 -- Mauna Loa, 125, 173–176 -- Lassen, 136 -- Pelée, 45, 56–65, 71 -- Tarumai, 77–78 -- Vesuvius, 65–72 Europe, mountain ranges of, 117 Europe, study in, 12–16 evolution, 6, 116, 186 -- theory of, 6 Ewing, M., 184 expeditions, 55–84, 103–111, 114, 132–150, 154–161 -- Alaska, 55, 72–75, 84, 114, 138, 143, 154 -- Cartago, 84 -- Howland and Baker, 135–136 -- Japan, 55, 77–78, 84, 104–109, 114, 132–134 -- Kilauea-Tarumai, 84 -- Martinique, 55–65, 156–161 -- Montserrat, 161 -- New Zealand, 103, 109–111 -- Niuafoou, 114, 147–150 -- Pelée-Soufrière, 55–65, 84, 156–161 -- Tokyo, 114 -- Vesuvius, 55, 65–72, 84 experiments, 4–5, 17, 32–54, 76, 78, 85–113, 125–132, 138, 142–143, 154–156, 168, 171–173, 176–177, 182–186 -- field, 76, 85–113 -- laboratory, 4–5, 32–54, 168, 171–172 F Falcon Island, 110 Faraday, M., 16, 29 faulting, 28–29 Ficus, 60 field experiments, 76, 85–113 field work, 7–12, 21–31, 55–84, 138, 142–143, 177 Fiji, 147 Finch, R. H., 99, 120–121, 132, 136–137, 144, 154, 162, 168, 173 Firehole River, 39 Flett, J. S., 76 “floating islands”, 92, 96 flying fox, 149 Foerster, Captain, 140 folding, model of, 50–52 foot prints in lava, 120 Forbes, John, 173 Fort de France, 56 Fortieth Parallel Survey, 8, 22, 25 fossa magna, 109 fossils, 181 Fouqué, F., 16, 53 Frank Landslip, the, 45 Franklin, Benjamin, 71 Frear, Walter F., 89 Freiberg, 14 Friedlaender, I., 76, 103, 162 Fujiyama, 81, 109, 134–135 fumaroles, 11–12, 62, 65, 68, 80, 108, 129, 156, 158, 160 Futu, 147, 149 G gannets, 135 Gardner, John, 139–142 gas-heat theory, 59 Geikie, Archibald, xi, 12, 116 Geodetic Survey of India, 157 Geological Congress, Zurich, 12 Geological Society of America, 76, 164, 166 Geological Survey of Great Britain and Ireland, 12 Geological Survey, U. S., 17–22, 50, 54–56, 64, 89–90, 111–114, 129–131, 136–138, 142, 154, 157, 169, 172–173 Geophysical Laboratory, Wash. D. C., 112 Georgetown, W. I., 159–160 Geovision Ltd., 163 Germany, 12–16 geyser basins, 10 geysers, 9, 39–40, 42, 48 -- as eroders, 39–40 geyser-spring experiments, 41 Geyserville, 112, 137 Giacometti, Guido, 153, 163 giant bat, 149 Giant’s Causeway, 23 Gilbert, Grove Karl, 7, 64 Gillie, Miss, ...., 157 glacial periods, 6, 10, 45 glaciers, 44, 48 Glass Mountain, 136 Goethals, General, 82 Goldschmidt, Victor M., 14, 16 Goodrich, ...., 18 goonies, 135