But Robert Gaguin, a historian of the fifteenth century, comes forward in defence of Jeanne de Navarre. After speaking of the conduct of the three princesses, wives of the three sons of Philippe le Bel and of their punishment, he adds: 'These disorders and their frightful consequences gave birth to a tradition injurious to the memory of Jeanne de Navarre, wife of Philippe le Bel. According to that tradition, she caused students whom she attracted to her to be thrown into the river from the window of her room. Only one single student, Jean Buridan, had the good luck to escape the penalty he had incurred; this is why he published this epigram (before his self-exilement): _Ne craignez pas de tuer une royne; cela est quelquefois bon_ (Reginam interficere nolite timere; bonum est).' "Thus, Gaguin does not contest the fact; on the contrary, he confirms it and develops it, only complaining--and not without reason--that it was attributed to Jeanne de Navarre, who did not live at the same time as Buridan. As regards Margaret of Burgundy and her sisters Jeanne and Blanche, they have not the safeguard or the protection of a date, nor of the verdict of history. All the world knows, on the other hand, that the three sisters were in other ways guilty of the most scandalous conduct; two of them had their two brothers, Philippe and Gaultier d'Aulnay as their lovers; the tower of Nesle then belonged to the Princess Jeanne, and was their meeting-place. But, one day, says Geoffrey of Paris-- "'Tout chant et baudor et leesce Tornés furent à grand destrèce, Du cas qui lors en France avint: Dont escorcher il eu convint, Deux chevaliers joli et gaie, Gaultier et Philippe d'Aulnay.' "In fact, these two young men were suddenly arrested as well as the queen and her sisters, the princesses. Philippe confessed that he was the lover of Margaret, wife of Louis x., and Gaultier that of Blanche, Comtesse de la Marche. This confession made, says Geoffrey-- "'L'eure ne fut pas moult retraite Que donnée fut la sentence; Si furent jugiés sans doutance Les deux chevaliers de leur _paire._ D'une sentence si amère Por leur traison et péchié, Que ils furent escorchié, . . . . . Et puis entrainé et pendu!' "Margaret and Blanche were taken to the Andelys, where they were flung, says Geoffrey, into a kind of underground dungeon.