I omitted to mention, in Chapter V., that in my opinion the ruins extant to the south of the Agora, in which we see no windows, can be only the _substructions_ of the Royal Palace. I would further suggest that all these substructions reached only to the level of the great Cyclopean circuit wall, and that upon them was built the palace proper, of wood. This opinion seems to be corroborated by the tremendous quantities of yellow wood-ashes with which the interior of those substructions was filled up, as well as by the impossibility of admitting that the Royal Palace should have had no windows, and should have been built in the deep hollow, so as to be shut out by the great Cyclopean wall from any view of the lower city and the plain. [Illustration: No. 474. Massive Golden Mask of the body at the south end of the First Sepulchre. Size 1:3, about. (For description, see page 312.)] FOOTNOTES: [301] See Plan F for a ground plan, and view of this altar, and a section of the ground, the altar itself, and the fourth sepulchre. [302] See Plans B, BB, C, and Plate VI. [303] See for example _Il._ IX. 123, 265, XXIII. 259 and 267, XXIV. 233; _Odyss._ XIII. 13. [304] See _Od._ I. 137, III. 440. [305] _Od._ XIX. 386, 469. [306] See Caylus, 'Recueil d'Antiquités,' I. 41, pl. XI. [307] 'Antiquités du Bosphore Cimmérien,' Planche I.; where also mention is made of a gold mask found at Olbia. [308] Tischbein, 'Recueil de Gravures,' II. 1; where also mention is made of an iron mask from a sepulchre at Santa Agata dei Goti. [309] See _Il_. VII. 219:-- Αἴας δ᾽ ἐγγύθεν ἦλθε, φέρων σάκος ἠΰτε πύργον, χάλκεον, ἑπταβόειον, ὅ οἱ Τυχίος κάμε τεύχων, σκυτοτόμων ὄχ᾽ ἄριστος, ῞Ὑλῃ ἔνι οὶκίια ναίιων. also XI. 485; XVII. 128. [310] This explanation is rendered necessary by the way in which the photograph was taken. To invert the position would require complete recomposition of the light and shadows; and this has been done by our artist in the case of No. 281, on account of the importance of the object. [311] See No. 213, p. 133. [312] See p. 81. [313] See my 'Atlas des Antiquités Troyennes,' Plate 105, No. 2311. [314] The photograph was unfortunately taken in such a position as to show only one of the two handles. [315] _Il._ XI. 632-635:-- πὰρ δὲ δέπας περικαλλές, ὁ οἴκοθεν ἦγ᾽ ὁ γεραιος, χρυσείοις ἡλοισι πεπαρμένον· οὔατα δ᾽ αὐτοῦ τέσσαρ ἔσαν, δοιαὶ δε πελειάδες ἀμφὶς ἕκαστον χρύσειαι νεμέθοντο· δύω δ᾽ ὑπὸ πυθμένες ἦσαν. "She placed beside them a splendid goblet, which the old man had brought with him from home; it was studded with golden pins; it had four handles, on each of which pecked two golden pigeons; the goblet had two bottoms." [316] 'Deipnosophistæ,' XI. 77. [317] See 'Troy and its Remains,' p. 87, No. 53, and p. 169, No. 192. [318] With regard to these ornaments, see further Appendix C.