Mycenæ: a narrative of researches and discoveries at Mycenæ and TirynsSchliemann, Heinrich
History
Mycenæ: a narrative of researches and discoveries at Mycenæ and Tiryns
Schliemann, Heinrich
Mycenae (Extinct city); Tiryns (Extinct city)
No. 471 represents nearly the same subject: we see again a lion running
at full speed and catching a stag, which is represented with the body
turned towards his pursuer and with his head in the opposite direction;
he stands on his hind-legs, into which the lion, with open jaws, is
just biting. The fore-feet of the stag are uplifted, and his lower feet
protrude at a right angle from the knee. Just before the uplifted loins
of the stag we see the wide-open jaws of a large cow-head with two
long horns of the crescent form and two enormous eyes, to which I call
particular attention. Between the two large horns we see two smaller
ones, the space between which is filled with small objects in the form
of figs; similar objects are seen between the small and the large horns.
Though the artist has given us a front view of the cow-head, yet he
represents its jaws in profile. To the right of the cow-head we see
five long palm-fronds, below which, in the corner to the right of the
spectator, is an object which I cannot recognise; it resembles a bird's
foot.
The whole scene certainly appears to be symbolic.
I think there can be no reasonable doubt that the cow-head represents
Hera Boöpis,[359] the patron deity of Mycenæ, and that when, in later
times, this goddess received a female head, her enormous cow's eyes alone
survived of her former cow-shape; because her sole characteristic epithet
βοῶπις, consecrated as it was by the use of ages, was thenceforward
indiscriminately used for both goddesses and mortal women to designate
large eyes. Thus, for example, Clymene, one of Helen's female servants,
is called by Homer ox-eyed[360] (βοῶπις). Hera's representation
here, with a double pair of horns and the fruits between the four horns,
can, I think, have no other purpose than to glorify her. I further
believe that the lion represents the house of the Pelopids, and perhaps
Agamemnon himself, and that the stag represents a sacrifice offered by
the lion (the house of the Pelopids or Agamemnon himself) to the patron
deity of the town, and the open jaws of the cow-head may have the
meaning that she benignantly receives the sacrifice.
The remaining plate (No. 472) represents the same spiral ornamentation
which we have so frequently passed in review.
To the reverse side of these wonderful golden plates there sticks a good
deal of a blackish matter, perhaps a sort of cement, which must have
served to attach them to flat pieces of wood, on each side of which must
have been one plate. This opinion seems also to be confirmed by the marks
of nails which we see in the rims of the plates, for the nails can, of
course, only have been used to fasten them to a softer substance.
[Illustration: No. 472. Gold Plate, with a spiral ornamentation in
Intaglio. Sepulchre I. Actual size.]
[Sidenote: MASSIVE GOLD MASK.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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