[92] Panofka, 'Argos Panoptes,' tab. ii. 4; Cadalvène, 'Recueil de Méd. Gr.' Pl. III. 1; Müller, 'Denkmäler,' XXX. 132; Duc de Luynes, 'Études Numismat.' pp. 22-25. [Illustration: No. 16. Ruins of the Cyclopean Bridge at Mycenæ.[93]] CHAPTER II. TOPOGRAPHY OF MYCENÆ. GATE OF THE LIONS AND TREASURY OF ATREUS. The road from Argos to Mycenæ--The Plain of Argos: its rivers and hills, horses and vegetation--Myth regarding its arid nature--Swamps in the southern part; and fable of the Lernæan hydra--Early social development here--Legend of Phoroneus--The Pelasgian Argos--The Achæan states of Argos and Mycenæ--Situation of Mycenæ--The _Citadel_ and its Cyclopean walls--The term defined--"Gate of the Lions"--The postern gate--Cisterns--Poetical confusion of Argos and Mycenæ. The _Lower City_: its house-walls, bridge, treasuries, and pottery--Its partially enclosing wall--The undefended suburb, and its large buildings--Its extent--The only two wells in Mycenæ--Three Treasuries in the suburb--Treasuries in the Lower City--Description of the "Treasury of Atreus"--Dodwell's Argument for regarding the building as a Treasury--Uniqueness of these structures--Excavation of the Treasury by Veli Pasha. Mycenæ, August 19, 1876. * * * * * I arrived here on the 7th inst. by the same road which Pausanias[94] describes. The distance from Argos is only 50 _stadia_, or 5·8 English miles. Pausanias saw, on that side of Argos which looked toward Mycenæ, the temple of Lucina (Εἰλείθυια), and next an altar of the Sun, which appears to have been on the bank of the Inachus. After having passed this river he saw, to his right, the temple of the Mysian Demeter, and further on to his left the mausoleum of Thyestes, the brother of Atreus and uncle of Agamemnon. This monument was crowned with a ram of stone, in commemoration of the adultery of Thyestes with his brother's wife. Still further on he saw, to his right, the temple (ἡρῷον) of Perseus, the founder of Mycenæ. But of all these monuments not a vestige now remains.