Mycenæ: a narrative of researches and discoveries at Mycenæ and TirynsSchliemann, Heinrich
History
Mycenæ: a narrative of researches and discoveries at Mycenæ and Tiryns
Schliemann, Heinrich
Mycenae (Extinct city); Tiryns (Extinct city)
The blocks of the lower courses are 1 ft. 10 in. high and from 4 to 7
ft. long; but towards the top of the dome the courses become gradually
narrower. The floor of the vast chamber, which is entirely excavated, is
the natural rock. A number of large stones, which have remained in the
Treasury, make on travellers the erroneous impression that there is still
a great deal of _débris_ left.
From the fourth course of stones upwards there are visible in each stone
two bored holes, and in many of these can still be seen remnants of
bronze nails which, according to Sir W. Gell ("Argolis"), contain 88 per
cent. of copper and 12 per cent. of tin. These nails, of which several
have been found entire, had broad flat heads, and they can have had no
other purpose than to retain the bronze plates, with which the whole
interior was once decorated. We know by the testimony of the ancient
authors that the Greeks in a remote antiquity ornamented their buildings
in this manner, because in no other way can we explain the bronze houses
and chambers which they mention.[136]
[Sidenote: TREASURY AT ORCHOMENUS.]
The only other example extant of walls which had once this kind of
decoration is presented by the Treasury of Minyas in Orchomenus, which
is built of beautiful white marble, but shows in other respects the
very greatest resemblance to the Treasury of Atreus. It is constructed
on the same principle, and appears to be of the same age and to have
been erected for the same purpose. Each stone of this treasury likewise
shows two or more holes, with frequent remnants of the bronze nails
which once retained the brazen plates that decorated the inner walls of
the edifice.[137] Thus it is certain that in a remote antiquity, before
sculpture or painting came into use for wall decoration, polished metal
plates were employed to give both splendour and dignity to the houses of
the rich.
In the Treasury of Atreus, the exterior of the door-lintel is decorated
with two parallel mouldings, which are also carried down the jambs of the
door. Above the lintel numerous holes can be discerned, to which bronze
ornaments must have been attached. There are more such holes in the
flat wall above the entrance, and all testify to the elaborate exterior
ornamentation of the edifice. Above the entrance is an equilateral
triangular niche, each side of which measures 10 feet. It is constructed
like the triangular niche over the Lions' Gate; namely, the courses of
masonry are shaped to the form of the niche, and it can have had no other
purpose than to bear up the weight which would otherwise have pressed on
the lintel.
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