Mycenæ: a narrative of researches and discoveries at Mycenæ and TirynsSchliemann, Heinrich
History
Mycenæ: a narrative of researches and discoveries at Mycenæ and Tiryns
Schliemann, Heinrich
Mycenae (Extinct city); Tiryns (Extinct city)
Dodwell,[138] in speaking of this treasury and the smaller ones,
says:--"There is moreover complete evidence that these structures
were called θησαυροί, and belong to ages prior to the origin of
that architecture of which the Doric temple in Europe and the Ionic in
Asia are the crowning invention. As this latter architecture advanced,
temples served for treasuries, or, when buildings were erected solely
for treasuries, they had the ordinary forms of that later style of
architecture, as we learn from the description which Pausanias has given
of the treasuries at Olympia and Delphi.[139] Nevertheless subterranean
buildings, similar in construction to the treasuries of the heroic ages,
continued to serve for containing oil or corn or water, and when attached
to private houses might often be employed for depositing property of
any kind. These are very numerous in Greece, but in no instance are
they entered at the side. The largest I know of is in the Acropolis of
Pharsala. But the strongest reason for designating the constructions
at Mycenæ as treasuries is the evidence of Pausanias,[140] unless
it be denied that he intended those buildings by the words ὑπόγαια
οἰκοδομήματα, which can hardly be alleged, as the ruins
agree too well with his words to render such a supposition reasonable.
Seventeen hundred years ago, therefore, those buildings were believed
to be the Treasuries of Atreus and his sons. Nothing had then occurred
to interfere with the course of the mythology or history of Greece,
as transmitted to the Greeks by their ancestors: and although on many
occasions the reports received by Pausanias from the ἐξηγηταί
may have been inventions of a date comparatively recent, no such
suspicion can well attach to the principal traditions of Mycenæ, which
accord with all that has reached us concerning that city in poetry or
prose. The extant edifice was the largest of the treasuries, and bears
proofs of having been a costly building, highly decorated at the entrance
and lined within with metallic plates. To Atreus himself, therefore, the
most opulent and powerful of the kings of the πολύχρυσος
Μυκήνη, and not to either of his sons, this greatest of extant
treasuries may, with a high degree of probability, be attributed.
Agamemnon dissipated the wealth of Atreus in the expedition to Asia,
passed the greater part of his reign abroad, and returned home poor
and powerless, leaving Μυκῆναι to be, after his time, no more than a
secondary town of Argolis. Nor is it likely, under these circumstances,
that the sepulchre of Agamemnon was a monument of any great magnificence.
Pausanias, who saw it, does not mention it as such, but gives us clearly
to understand that the Treasury and the Gate of the Citadel were the most
remarkable antiquities at Mycenæ."
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