that great tradesmen, great jewellers, great pickle-makers, great drapers, great card-makers, the co-operative stores, great fruit-growing estates, the public markets--all these share police services with Coutts' and Drummond's Banks, Holland House, Roehampton House, and so on. The whole of our dockyards are under police surveillance; so are the Albert Hall, Brompton Cemetery, and many other institutions. It is impossible to leave this subject without adverting to the excellent provincial police now invariably established in the great cities and wide country districts, who, especially as regards the former, have an organisation and duties almost identical with those already detailed. The police forces of Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Glasgow, and the rest yield nothing in demeanour, devotion, and daring to their colleagues of the Metropolis. In the counties, where large areas often have to be covered, great responsibility must be devolved upon officers of inferior rank, and it is not abused. These sergeants or inspectors, with their half-dozen men, are so many links in a long-drawn chain. Much depends upon them, their energy and endurance. They, too, have to prevent crime by their constant vigilance on the high roads, and by keeping close watch on all suspicious persons. For the same reason special qualities are needed in the county chief constable and his deputy; the task of superintending their posts at wide distances apart, and controlling the movements of tramps and bad characters through their district, calls for the exercise of peculiar qualities, the power of command, of rapid transfer from place to place, of keen insight into character, of promptitude and decision--qualities that are most often found in military officers, who are, in fact, generally preferred for these appointments. CHAPTER VIII. MODERN POLICE (_continued_): PARIS. The Spy System under the Second Empire--The Manufacture of _Dossiers_--M. Andrieux receives his own on being appointed Prefect--The Clerical Police of Paris--The _Sergents de Ville_--The Six Central Brigades--The Cabmen of Paris, and how they are kept in Order--Stories of Honest and of Dishonest Cabmen--Detectives and Spies--Newspaper Attacks upon the Police--Their General Character.