Sufi literature, representing as it does the mystical side of Islam, abounds with allusions to Scripture. Al Ghazzali, the great opponent of Averroes (1058-1111 A.D.), in his _Ihya-ul-ulum_ ("Revival of the Religious Sciences") quotes the saying of Christ regarding the children playing in the market-place. In his _Kimiya-i-Saadat_ ("Alchemy of Happiness") he writes, "It is said that Jesus Christ in a vision saw this world in the form of an old woman, and asked how many husbands she had lived with. She said they were innumerable. He asked her if they had died, or had divorced her. She replied that it was neither, the fact being that she had killed all." Here we seem to have a confused echo of the episode of the woman of Samaria. Again in the same work he says, "It is a saying of Jesus Christ that the seeker of the world is like a man suffering from dropsy; the more he drinks water the more he feels thirsty." In the _Ihya-ul-ulum_, the verse "Eye hath not seen," &c., is quoted as if from the Koran, where it nowhere occurs. Ghazzali was an ardent student of the Neo-Platonists, and through him the phrases Aql-i-Kull (--Logos) and Nafs-i-Kull (--Pneuma) passed into Sufi writings (v. Whinfield, Preface to the _Masnavi_). Saadi (b. 1184 A.D.), the famous author of the _Gulistan_ and _Bostan_, was for some time kept in captivity by the Crusaders. This may account for echoes of the Gospels which we find in his writings. In the _Gulistan_ he quotes the verse, "We are members of one another," and in the _Bostan_ the parable of the Pharisee and Publican is told in great detail. Nizami (b. 1140) gives a story which, though grotesque, seems to show that he had apprehended something of the Christian spirit. Some passers-by were commenting on the body of a dead dog, saying how abominably it smelt, &c. Christ passed, and said, "Behold, how white its teeth are!"