The Sanscrit word for the act of producing fire by friction is _manthami_, to rub or agitate, and this appears from its derivative _mandala_, a circle; that is, circular friction. The pieces of wood used for the production of fire were called _pramantha_, that which revolves, and _arani_ was the disc on which the friction was made. In this phase, the fetishes are, according to our theory, in the second stage. The Greeks and Romans, and indeed almost all other peoples, knew no other way of kindling a fire, and in the sacred rites of the Peruvians the task was assigned to the Incas at the annual festival of fire. The wood of the oak was used in Germany, on account of the red colour of its bark, which led to the supposition that the god of fire was concealed in it. Tan is called _lohe_, or flame, in Germany. This primitive mode of kindling a fire was known to the Aryans before their dispersion, and friction with this object was equivalent to the birth of the fire-god, constraining him to come down to earth from the air, from thunder, etc.; indeed fire was also called _dueta_, the messenger between heaven and earth. The question arose who had drawn fire from heaven, and developed it in the _arani_. A resemblance was also traced between the instruments for kindling fire and the organs of generation, a reciprocal interchange of various myths, as we have before observed. _Agni_ is concealed in _arani_, like the embryo in the womb (Rig-Veda). Thus _pramantha_ is the masculine instrument, _arani_ the feminine, and the act of uniting them is copulation. _Agni_ had disappeared from earth and was concealed in a cavern, whence it was drawn by a divine person; that is, fire had disappeared and was concealed within the _arani_, whence it was extracted by the _pramantha_ and bestowed upon man. _Mataricvan_, the divine deliverer, is therefore only the personification of the male organ. In virtue of the idea that the soul is a spark, and that the production of fire resembles generation, _Bhrigu_, lightning, is a creator. The son of _Bhrigu_ marries the daughter of _Manu_, and they have a son who at his birth breaks his mother's thigh, and therefore takes the name of _Aurva_ (from _uru_ a thigh). This is only the lightning which rends the clouds asunder.