Napoleon's Russian Campaign of 1812Foord, Edward (Edward A.)
History
Napoleon's Russian Campaign of 1812
Foord, Edward (Edward A.)
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821 -- Military leadership; Napoleonic Wars, 1800-1815 -- Campaigns -- Russia
Though on reaching Vilna Napoleon must have realised that his strategy
had already in part miscarried, he at once entered upon the execution
of the second part of the plan--the crushing of Bagration’s army
which, as he hoped, was already closely pressed by Jerome. As a fact
Bagration left Volkovisk that very day for Minsk, while Jerome did
not reach Grodno until the 30th. So far as Jerome was concerned,
therefore, Bagration was in no danger, and it was only the vacillation
at the Russian Imperial head-quarters which later brought him within
measurable distance of destruction. There were other forces within
Bagration’s sphere of operations which the French Emperor might hope
to sweep also into his net. Platov, from Grodno, could hardly hope
to reach the First Army with the French in force at Vilna; while the
advance-guard of the 4th Corps, after waiting at Orani for orders until
the 27th, was also isolated. A more important quarry than either of
these, however, was Barclay’s detached left wing under Dokhturov, which
had only just started from the neighbourhood of Lida, having of course
received its orders last.
Napoleon therefore ordered the following movements: Oudinot, supported
by Doumerc’s Cuirassier Division from Grouchy’s Corps, was to follow
Wittgenstein from Vilkomirz towards Sventsiani. Murat, with Montbrun’s
Cavalry Corps and Friant’s and Gudin’s Infantry Divisions, was directed
to pursue Barclay’s central columns. Nansouty, with two of his three
divisions and Morand’s Infantry Division, was directed upon Svir,
nearly due east of Vilna, with the object of falling on the flank of
Dokhturov’s column. Davout with his 4th and 5th Divisions, Pajol’s
Cavalry Brigade, the Lancers of the Guard, Grouchy’s two remaining
cavalry divisions, Valence’s Cuirassier Division from Nansouty’s Corps,
and the Legion of the Vistula, about 45,000 men in all, was to advance
upon Minsk and intercept the retreat of Bagration. Davout’s other
light cavalry brigade (Bordesoulle) was sent south-westward from Vilna
to scout in that direction, and on the 30th encountered Dorokhov’s
detachment, which he took for the rear-guard of Baggohufwudt’s Corps.
Dorokhov, seeing that French troops were now at Vilna, retreated
southward in the hope of joining Platov and, ultimately, Bagration.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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