After a cut in _Harper’s Magazine_. An enlarged engraving of the central head is given on the title-page of the present volume. A photographic reproduction, as the “Stone of the Sun,” is given in Bandelier’s _Archæological Tour_, p. 54, where he summarizes the history of it, with references, including a paper by Alfredo Chavero, in the _Anales del Museo nacional de México_, and another, with a cut, by P. J. J. Valentini, in _Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc._, April, 1878, and in _The Nation_, Aug. 8 and Sept. 19, 1878. Chavero’s explanation is translated in Brocklehurst’s _Mexico to-day_, p. 186. The stone is dated in a year corresponding to A.D. 1479, and it was early described in Duran’s _Historia de las Indias_, and in Tezozomoc’s _Crónica mexicana_. Tylor (_Anahuac_, 238) says that of the drawings made before the days of photography, that in Carlos Nebel’s _Viaje pintoresco y Arqueológico sobre la República Mejicana_, 1829-1834 (Paris, 1839), is the best, while the engravings given by Humboldt (pl. xxiii.) and others are more or less erroneous. Cf. other cuts in Carbajal’s _México_, i. 528; Bustamante’s _Mañanas de la Alameda_ (Mexico, 1835-36); Short’s _No. Amer. of Antiq._, 408, 451, with references; Bancroft’s _Native Races_, ii. 520; iv. 506; Stevens’s _Flint Chips_, 309. Various calendar disks are figured in Clavigero (Casena, 1780); a colored calendar on agave paper is reproduced in the _Archives de la Commission Scientifique du Méxique_, iii. 120. (Quaritch held the original document in Aug., 1888, at £25, which had belonged to M. Boban.) For elucidations of the Mexican astronomical and calendar system see Acosta, vi. cap. 2; Granados y Galvez’s _Tardes Americanas_ (1778); Humboldt’s essay in connection with pl. xxiii. of his _Atlas_; Prescott’s _Mexico_, i. 117; Bollaert in _Memoirs read before the Anthropol. Soc. of London_, i. 210; E. G. Squier’s _Some new discoveries respecting the dates on the great calendar stone of the ancient Mexicans, with observations on the Mexican cycle of fifty-two years_, in the _American Journal of Science and Arts_, 2d ser., March, 1849, pp. 153-157; Abbé J. Pipart’s _Astronomie, Chronologie et rites des Méxicaines_ in the _Archives de la Soc. Amér. de France_ (n. ser. i.); Brasseur’s _Nat. Civ._, iii. livre ii.; Bancroft’s _Nat. Races_, ii. ch. 16; Short, ch. 9, with ref., p. 445; Cyrus Thomas in Powell’s _Rept. Ethn. Bureau_, iii. 7. Cf. Brinton’s _Abor. Amer. Authors_, p. 38; Brasseur’s “Chronologie historique des Méxicaines” in the _Actes de la Soc. d’Ethnographie_ (1872), vol. vi.; Wilson’s _Prehistoric Man_, i. 355, for the Toltecs as the source of astronomical ideas, with which compare Bancroft, v. 192; the _Bulletin de la Soc. royale Belge de Géog._, Sept., Oct., 1886; and Bandelier in the _Peabody Mus. Repts._, ii. 572, for a comparison of calendars.