[Sun-circles (Inti-huatana, where the sun is tied up), after a cut in Squier’s _Primeval Monuments of Peru_, p. 15. The nearer circle is 90 feet; the farther, which has a grooved outlying platform, is 150 feet in diameter. Cf. plan and views in Squier’s _Peru_, ch. 20.—ED.]] The whole empire was called Ttahuantin-suyu, or the four united provinces. Each great province was governed by an Inca viceroy, whose title was _Ccapac_, or _Tucuyricoc_.[1211] The latter word means “He who sees all.” Garcilasso describes the office as merely that of an inspector, whose duty it was to visit the province and report. Under the viceroy were the native _Curacas_, who governed the _ayllus_, or lineages. Each _ayllu_ was divided into sections of ten families, under an officer called _Chunca_ (10) _camayu_. Ten of these came under a _Pachaca_ (100) _camayu_. Ten _Pachacas_ formed a _Huaranca_ (1,000) _camayu_, and the _Hunu_ (10,000) _camayu_ ruled over ten _Huarancas_. The _Chunca_ of ten families was the unit of government, and each _Chunca_ formed a complete community.[1212] [Illustration: RUINS OF AN INCARIAL VILLAGE. [Situated on the road from Milo to Huancayo. Reduced from an ink drawing given by Wiener in his _L’Empire des Incas_, pl. v.—ED.]] The cultivable land belonged to the people in their _ayllus_, each _Chunca_ being allotted a sufficient area to support its ten _Purics_ and their dependants.[1213] The produce was divided between the government (_Inca_), the priesthood (_Huaca_), and the cultivators or poor (_Huaccha_), but not in equal shares.[1214] In some parts the three shares were kept apart in cultivation, but as a rule the produce was divided at harvest time. The flocks of llamas were divided into _Ccapac-llama_, belonging to the state, and _Huaccha-llama_, owned by the people. Thus the land belonged to the _ayllu_, or tribe, and each _puric_, or able-bodied man, had a right to his share of the crop, provided that he had been present at the sowing. All those who were absent must have been employed in the service of the Inca or Huaca, and subsisted on the government or priestly share. Shepherds and mechanics were also dependent on those shares. Officers called _Runay-pachaca_ annually revised the allotments, made the census, prepared statistics for the _Quipu-camayoc_, and sent reports to the _Tucuyricoc_. The _Llacta-camayoc_, or village overseer, announced the turns for irrigation and the fields to be cultivated when the shares were grown apart. These daily notices were usually given from a tower or terrace. There were also judges or examiners, called _Taripasac_,[1215] who investigated serious offences and settled disputes. Punishments for crimes were severe, and inexorably inflicted. It was also the duty of these officers, when a particular _ayllu_ suffered any calamity through wars or natural causes, to allot contingents from surrounding _ayllus_ to assist the neighbor in distress. There were similar arrangements