The reasons for assigning an ancient date to this drama of Ollantay are conclusive in the judgment of all Quichua scholars. On this point there is a consensus of opinion. But General Mitre, the ex-President of the Argentine Republic, published an essay in 1881, to prove that Ollantay was of Spanish origin and was written in comparatively modern times.[1338] The present writer replied to his arguments in the introduction (p. xxix) to the English translation of the second part of _Cieza de Leon_ (1883), and this reply was translated into Spanish and published at Buenos Ayres in the same year, by Don Adolfo F. Olivares, accompanied by a critical note from the pen of Dr. Vicente Lopez.[1339] The latest publication on the subject of Ollantay consists of a series of articles in the _Ateneo de Lima_, by Don E. Larrabure y Unanue, the accomplished author of a history of the conquest of Peru, not yet published. The general conclusion which has been arrived at by Quichua scholars, after this thorough sifting of the question, is that, although the division into scenes and the stage directions are due to some Spanish hand, and although some few Hispanicisms may have crept into some of the texts, owing to the carelessness or ignorance of transcribers, yet that the drama of Ollantay, in all essential points, is of Inca origin. Several old songs are imbedded in it, and others have been preserved by Quichua scholars at Cuzco and Ayacucho, and in the neighborhood of those cities. The editing of these remains of Inca literature will, at some future time, throw further light on the history of the past. There are several learned Peruvians who devote themselves to Incarial studies, besides Señor Zegarra, who now resides in Spain. Among them may be mentioned Dr. Villar of Cuzco, a ripe scholar, who has recently published a closely reasoned essay on the word _Uira-cocha_, Don Luis Carranza, and Don Martin A. Mujica, a native of Huancavelica. =III.= THE NEW GRANADA TRIBES.—The incipient civilization of the Chibchas or Muiscas of New Granada was first made generally known by Humboldt (_Vues des Cordillères_, octavo ed., ii. 220-67; _Views of Nature_, Eng. trans., 425). Cf. also, E. Uricoechea’s _Memorias sobre las Antigüedades néo-granadinas_ (Berlin, 1854); Bollaert; Rivero and Von Tschudi; Nadaillac, 459; and Joseph Acosta’s _Compendio historico del Descubrimiento de la Nueva Granada_ (Paris, 1848; with transl. in Bollaert). CHAPTER V. THE RED INDIAN OF NORTH AMERICA IN CONTACT WITH THE FRENCH AND ENGLISH. BY GEORGE E. ELLIS, D. D., LL. D. _President of the Massachusetts Historical Society._