The _Histoire générale des voyages_, undertaken by C. A. Walkenaer in 1826, was stopped in 1831, after twenty-one octavos had been printed, without exhausting the African portion. The early Dutch voyages are commemorated in Bennet and Wijk’s _Nederlandsche Ontdekkingen in America_, etc., which was issued at Utrecht in 1827,[253] and in their _Nederlandsche Zeereizen_, printed at Dordrecht in 1828-1830, in five volumes octavo. It contains Linschoten, Hudson, etc. Albert Montémont’s _Bibliothèque universelle des voyages_ was published in Paris, 1833-1836, in forty-six volumes. G. A. Wimmer’s _Die Enthüllung des Erdkreises_ (Vienna, 1834), five volumes octavo, is a general summary, which gives in the last two volumes the voyages to America and to the South Seas.[254] In 1837 Henri Ternaux-Compans began the publication of his _Voyages, relations, et mémoires originaux pour servir à l’histoire de la découverte de l’Amérique_, of which an account is given on another page (see p. vi). The collection of F. C. Marmocchi, _Raccolta di viaggi dalla scoperta del Nuevo Continente_, was published at Prato in 1840-1843, in five volumes; it includes the Navarrete collection on Columbus, Xeres on Pizarro, and other of the Spanish narratives.[255] The last volume of a collection in twelve volumes published in Paris, _Nouvelle bibliothèque des voyages_, is also given to America. The Hakluyt Society in London began its valuable series of publications in 1847, and has admirably kept up its work to the present time, having issued its volumes generally under satisfactory editing. Its publications are not sold outside of its membership, except at second hand.[256] Under the editing of José Ferrer de Couto and José March y Labores, and with the royal patronage, a _Historia de la marina real Española_ was published in Madrid, in two volumes, 1849 and 1854. It relates the early voyages.[257] Édouard Charton’s _Voyageurs anciens et modernes_ was published in four volumes in Paris, 1855-1857; and it passed subsequently to a new edition.[258] A summarized account of the Portuguese and Spanish discoveries, from Prince Henry to Pizarro, was published in German by Theodor Vogel, and also in English in 1877. A _Nouvelle histoire des voyages_, by Richard Cortambert, is the latest and most popular presentation of the subject, opening with the explorations of Columbus and his successors; and Édouard Cat’s _Les grandes découvertes maritimes du treizième au seizième siècle_ (Paris, 1882) is another popular book. NARRATIVE AND CRITICAL HISTORY OF AMERICA CHAPTER I. THE GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE ANCIENTS CONSIDERED IN RELATION TO THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA. BY WILLIAM H. TILLINGHAST, _Assistant Librarian of Harvard University._