Lieut. J. B. Murdock, U. S. N., in a paper on “The Cruise of Columbus in the Bahamas, 1492,” published in the _Proceedings_ (April, 1884, p. 449) of the United States Naval Institute vol. x, furnishes a new translation of the passages in Columbus’ Journal bearing on the subject, and made by Professor Montaldo of the Naval Academy, and repeats the map of the modern survey of the Bahamas as given by Fox. Lieutenant Murdock follows and criticises the various theories afresh, and traces Columbus’ track backward from Cuba, till he makes the landfall to have been at Watling’s Island. He points out also various indications of the Journal which cannot be made to agree with any supposable landfall. [Illustration: THE BAHAMA GROUP. This map is sketched from the chart, made from the most recent surveys, in the United States Coast-Survey and given in Fox’s monograph, with the several routes marked down on it. Other cartographical illustrations of the subject will be found in Moreno’s maps, made for Navarrete’s _Coleccion_ in 1825 (also in the French version); in Becher’s paper in the _Journal of the Royal Geographical Society_, xxvi. 189, and in his _Landfall of Columbus_; in Varnhagen’s _Das wahre Guanahani_; in Major’s paper in the _Journal of the Royal Geographical Society_, 1871, and in his second edition of the _Select Letters_, where he gives a modern map, with Herrera’s map (1601) and a section of La Cosa’s; in G. B. Torre’s _Scritti di Colombo_, p. 214; and in the section, “Wo liegt Guanahani?” of Ruge’s _Geschichte des Zeitalters der Entdeckungen_, p. 248, giving all routes, except that offered by Fox. See further on the subject R. Pietschmann’s “Beiträge zur Guanahani-Frage,” in the _Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Geographie_ (1880), i. 7, 65, with map; and A. Breusing’s “Geschichte der Kartographie,” in Ibid., ii. 193.] GRAND TURK.—Its size is five and one half by one and a quarter miles, with an area of seven square miles; its highest part seventy feet; and one third of its surface is interior water. Navarrete first advanced arguments in its favor in 1825, and Kettell adopted his views in the Boston edition of the _Personal Narrative of Columbus_. George Gibbs argued for it in the _New York Historical Society’s Proceedings_ (1846), p. 137, and in the _Historical Magazine_ (June, 1858), ii. 161. Major adopted such views in the first edition (1847) of his _Select Letters of Columbus_. MARIGUANA.—It measures twenty-three and one half miles long by an average of four wide; contains ninety-six square miles; rises one hundred and one feet, and has no interior water. F. A. de Varnhagen published at St. Jago de Chile, in 1864, a treatise advocating this island as _La verdadera Guanahani_, which was reissued at Vienna, in 1869, as _Das wahre Guanahani des Columbus_.[187]