=1581.= _The Arte of Navigation. By Pedro de Medina. Translated out of the Spanish by John Frampton._ Medina’s _Arte de Navegar_ originally appeared at Valladolid in 1545. =1584.= Fourth edition, Eden’s Cortes. See _Brinley Catalogue_, no. 19, for a copy which has a folding woodcut map of the New World, which is usually wanting in later editions. =1585.= Robert Norman, hydrographer, published his _Newe Attractive_, with rules for the art of navigation annexed. =1587.= Robert Tanner’s _Mirror for Mathematiques, ... a sure safety for Saylers_, etc. =1587.= Seventh edition of _The Rutter of the Sea_. =1588.= The first marine atlas ever made appeared at Leyden in 1583-84, and this year in London as _The Mariner’s Mirrour, ... first made by Luke Wagenaer, of Enchuisen, and now fitted with necessarie additions by Anthony Ashley_. =1588.= Fifth edition, Eden’s Cortes. =1589.= Thomas Blundeville’s _Brief Description of Universal Mappes and Cardes, and of their Use, and also the Use of Ptolemy his tables_. =1589.= A sixth edition of Eden’s version of Martin Cortes’ _Arte of Navigation_ appeared. Good copies of this small black-letter quarto are worth about seven guineas. It is known that Hakluyt about this time was endeavoring with the aid of Drake to found in London a public lecture for the purpose of advancing the art of navigation. =1590.= Robert Norman translated from the Dutch _The Safeguard of Saylers, or Great Rutter_. Edward Wright corrected and enlarged this in 1612. Norman was the inventor of the dipping-needle, in 1576. =1590.= Thomas Hood’s _Use of the Jacob’s Staffe; also a dialogue touching the use of the Crosse Staffe_. These were instruments for the taking of latitude. The astrolabe, an instrument of remote antiquity, had been adapted to sea-use by Martin Behaim; but it was soon found that it did not adapt itself to the automatic movement of the observer’s body in a rolling sea, and in 1514 the cross-staff was invented, or at least was first described. =1592.= A third edition of Bourne’s _Regiment of the Sea_, corrected by Thomas Hood. =1592.= Thomas Hood’s _Use of both the Globes, celestiall and terrestriall_, written to accompany the Molineaux globes. =1592.= Thomas Hood’s _Marriner’s Guide_. =1594.= John Davis published his _Seaman’s Secrets, wherein is taught the three kindes of Sayling,—Horizontall, Paradoxall, and Sayling upon a great Circle_. He held up the example of the Spaniards: “For what hath made the Spaniard to be so great a Monarch, the Commander of both Indies, to abound in wealth and all Nature’s benefites, but only the painefull industrie of his Subjects by Navigation.” No copy of this first edition is known. The second edition, 1607, is in the British Museum, and from this copy the tract is reprinted in _Davis’s Voyages_ (Hakluyt Society ed.). =1594.= _M. Blundevile, his Exercises_, with instruction in the art of navigation. This proved a popular instruction book.