There are a few more general works to be noted: John W. Monette’s _History of the Discovery and Settlement of the Valley of the Mississippi_, New York, 1846-1848;[542] S. P. Hildreth’s _Pioneer History of the Ohio Valley_, Cincinnati, 1848, which but cursorily touches the French period; James H. Perkins’s _Annals of the West_, Cincinnati, 1846, which brought ripe scholarship to the task at a time before the scholar could have the benefit of much information now accessible;[543] Adolphus M. Hart’s _History of the Discovery of the Valley of the Mississippi_, Cincinnati, 1852,—a slight sketch, as we now should deem it, but followed soon after by a more scholarly treatment in J. G. Shea’s _Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi Valley_, New York, 1852, to which a sequel, _Early Voyages up and down the Mississippi_, was published in 1861, containing the voyages of Cavelier, Saint Cosme, Le Sueur, Gravier, and Guignas, during the last years of the century; George Gale’s _Upper Mississippi_, Chicago, 1867,—a topical treatment of the subject; and Rufus Blanchard’s _Discovery and Conquests of the Northwest_, Chicago, 1880—the latest general survey of the subject. Poole’s _Index to Periodical Literature_, under the names of these several States, can often be usefully consulted. [Illustration: THE ROUTES OF EARLY FRENCH EXPLORATIONS. This sketch follows a modern map given by Parkman. There is a similar route-map given in the _Bulletin de la Soc. de Géog._, November, 1880, accompanying a paper by M. J. Thoulet. In the above sketch the portages are marked by dotted lines.] JOLIET, MARQUETTE, AND LA SALLE. HISTORICAL SOURCES AND ATTENDANT CARTOGRAPHY. BY THE EDITOR. THE principal sources for the cartographical part of this study are as follows: The collection of manuscript copies[544] of maps in the French Archives which was formed by Mr. Parkman, and which he has described in his _La Salle_ (p. 449), and which is now in Harvard College Library; a collection of manuscript and printed maps called _Cartographie du Canada_, formed by Henry Harrisse in Paris, and which in 1872 passed into the hands of Samuel L. M. Barlow, Esq., of New York, by whose favor the Editor has had it in his possession for study; the collection of copies made by Dr. J. G. Kohl which is now in the Library of the State Department at Washington, and which through the kind offices of Theodore F. Dwight, Esq., of that department, and by permission of the Secretary of State, have been intrusted to the Editor’s temporary care; and the collection of printed maps now in Harvard College Library, formed mainly by Professor Ebeling nearly a hundred years ago, and which came to that library, with all of Ebeling’s books, as a gift from the late Colonel Israel Thorndike, in 1818.[545]