Narrative and Critical History of America, Vol. 6 (of 8): The United States of North America, Part I
History
Narrative and Critical History of America, Vol. 6 (of 8): The United States of North America, Part I
America -- Discovery and exploration; America -- History; United States -- History
Delays followed these resolutions, and finally, February 3, 1778,
General Heath was instructed that the embarkation of the troops was
to be indefinitely postponed, the transports upon their arrival to be
ordered away from the port of Boston, and the guard over the prisoners
to be strengthened. General Burgoyne, of course, was indignant, and
offered that, "should any doubt still subsist that the idea of being
released from the engagement of the convention has been adopted by any
part of the troops", he would give a further pledge of the faith of
every officer in his command, "provided the suspension is immediately
broken off." This frank offer was referred to a committee, which
reported that in their opinion it contained nothing "sufficient to
induce Congress to recede from their resolution of the 8th of January;"
and the report was agreed to March 2, 1778.
This disingenuous resolution of Congress, "that the embarkation be
suspended" until the happening of some further contingent event, was
returning the poisoned chalice to Burgoyne's lips, being exactly in
keeping with his proposition submitted, October 15, 1777, to a council
of his officers, "whether it was consistent with public faith, and if
so, expedient, to suspend the execution of the treaty and trust to
events."
Notwithstanding many members had no confidence in the political
integrity of Great Britain,[739] such holding of the convention troops
as prisoners of war, contrary to the principles of international
law, certainly placed Congress in a most unfavorable light. Even so
distinguished a member as Richard Henry Lee, writing to Washington,
says: "It is unfortunately too true that our enemies pay little regard
to good faith, or any obligations of justice and humanity which render
the Convention of Saratoga a matter of great moment; and it is also,
as you justly observe, an affair of infinite delicacy. The undoubted
advantage they will take even of the appearance of infraction on our
part, and the American character, which is concerned in preserving its
faith inviolate, cover this affair with difficulties, and prove the
disadvantage we are under in conducting war against an old, corrupt,
and powerful people, who, having much credit and influence in the
world, will venture on things that would totally ruin the reputation
of young and rising communities like ours." We would further remark
that the moral standard of even the most civilized nations was not then
as high as in this more advanced age, and that upon the construction
of this convention hung the independence of the United States. Napier
said of the Convention of Cintra in 1808: "A convention implies some
weakness, and must be weighed in _the scales of prudence, not those of
justice_."
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