Narrative and Critical History of America, Vol. 6 (of 8): The United States of North America, Part I
History
Narrative and Critical History of America, Vol. 6 (of 8): The United States of North America, Part I
America -- Discovery and exploration; America -- History; United States -- History
The most devoted chronicler of the campaign, however, is the younger
William L. Stone (b. 1835), who published _Reminiscences of Saratoga
and Ballston_ in 1875, an article on "Burgoyne in a new light" in _The
Galaxy_ (v. 78), and one on the campaign in _Harper's Monthly_ in 1877
(vol. lv. p. 673), and in the same year the most important work on the
subject yet produced, _The Campaign of Lieutenant-General John Burgoyne
and the Expedition of Lieutenant-Colonel Barry St. Leger_, which draws
from every important help to the study of the military movements which
had been so far brought to light. In the next year (1878), Mr. Stone
prepared the _Memoir of the Centennial Celebration of Burgoyne's
Surrender, Schuylerville, Oct. 17, 1875_. It included an historical
address by Mr. Stone himself, others by Horatio Seymour and George
William Curtis.[860]
The English later writers have been in the main fair in their
statements. Mahon (vi. 191), while praising the army of Gates, denies
him the merit of its successful conduct, giving it essentially to
Stark and Arnold. The American student finds little to question in
the unusually impartial narrative embodied in Edward Barrington De
Fonblanque's _Political and Military episodes in the latter half of the
Eighteenth Century, derived from the life and Correspondence of John
Burgoyne_ (London, 1776).[861]
On the German side the main sources are Max von Eelking's _Die
Deutschen Hülfstruppen im nord-amerikanischen Befreiungskriege,
1776-1783_ (Hannover, 1863,—2 vols.), who gives chapters 7 and
8 to this campaign; the same writer's _Leben und Wirken des
Herzoglich-Braunschweig'schen_ _General-lieutenants Friedrich Adolph
von Riedesel_ (Leipzig, 1856,—3 vols.) and _Generalin von Riedesel's
Berufs-Reise nach Amerika_ (Berlin, 1801), both of which Riedesel
memoirs have been translated by W. L. Stone.[862]
The succession of battles and movements preceding the final surrender
of Burgoyne have been well mapped.[863]
* * * * *
[Illustration]
[Illustration
NOTE.—The main British map of the attack of Clinton and Montgomery
(Oct. 6, 1777) is one made by John Hills, and published in London by
Faden, Jan., 1784, a portion of which, showing the detail, is annexed.
The same map is used by Stedman (i. 362), and there is a reduction in
the _Catal. of Hist. MSS. rel. to the War of the Rev._ (Albany, 1868,
ii. 298), and in the illus. ed. of Irving's _Washington_, iii. 244.
Cf. also the maps in Sparks's _Washington_ (v. 92); _Harper's Mag._,
lii. 648; and in Lossing's _Field-Book_, ii. 166. Original MS. drafts,
showing the attack on the forts, made by Holland, by the Hessian
Wangenheim, and by others, are among the Faden maps (nos. 70-73) in
the library of Congress. Holland's surveys were followed in the plans
of Montgomery and Clinton (1777) by Lieut. John Knight, of the Royal
Navy.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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