_13th._--Thermometer at sunrise in the open air was 41° 30' Fahr., so that the cold increases, this being the lowest which I have yet taken. The Germans have had a deal of trouble with Mohammed of Tunis; they would send him back, but there is no opportunity of doing so. Máguzáwa and Azna are the names of the pagan nations of Soudan, denoting the same people, and not different races. The names answer to the word _Kurdi_, in Bornou. These pagans say, in derision of the Muslims, when it rains, "Allah must have a large belly," that so much water falls from him. En-Noor describes pagans of Maradee drinking large quantities of _gia_ (beer, or fermented liquor). This evening a Gadamsee arrived at the tents, bringing two or three slaves from Damerghou. He says the news of our arrival had already reached Damerghou--that it was reported there that the Sultan of Aghadez had given Barth a black tobe; not, by any means, a bad rumour. He sends his slaves to Ghât from this place, and returns immediately to Damerghou, taking letters for us to Zinder. CHAPTER VI. Medicine for Bad Eyes--A summary Proceeding--News from the Salt-Caravan--Towns and Villages of Tesaoua--Earthquakes--Presents for the Sultan of Maradee--Yusuf's Insolence--English Money in Aheer--A Razzia on the Holy City--Bornouese Studies--Gipsies of Soudan--En-Noor and the Marabouts--Ghaseb--State of the Weather--Calculations for the Future--Senna--Relations of Man and Wife in Aheer--En-Noor in his Family--Gouber and Maradee--Beer-drinking--Study of the Sau--Shara--The Oulimad--Lions--Translating Jokes--Digging a Well--Projects. _Nov. 14th._--I wrote this morning, by the slaves going to Ghât, to Mr. Bidwell and my wife. En-Noor paid us a visit in the afternoon, and was exceedingly civil. He promises me letters for Sakkatou, and to forward Overweg to Maradee. Our servant shot a large vulture to-day. En-Noor having bad eyes, ordered the eyes of this bird of prey to be scooped out for a medicine. This is not the first time that I have heard of the various parts of animals being eaten, or otherwise used, to cure or strengthen the corresponding parts in human beings. It seems to be an idea natural to people in a rude or semi-barbarous state.