Narrative of Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa, in the Seventeenth Century, Vol. IIEvliya Çelebi
History
Narrative of Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa, in the Seventeenth Century, Vol. II
Evliya Çelebi
Caucasus, South -- Description and travel; Istanbul (Turkey) -- Description and travel; Turkey -- History
The name of Shám Gházán is a corruption of the Moghol language, in
which this Prince is called Shanb, whence Shám originated. The castle
which bears his name on Mount Welián is now in ruins. At the foot of
it is the Kent-Welián consisting of three hundred houses with a fine
mosque, khán and bath, founded by the Vezír Rashíd-ud-dín Dembolí. We
reached after five hours from hence, the Castle of Kúmla, built by Koja
Ferhád Páshá, the Vezír of Sultán Murad III. in the year 998 (1589),
it is a square castle at the foot of Mount Welián. It is eighty paces
in circumference, has seven towers, and two gates, one to the east and
one to the west; the eastern one is that leading to Tabríz. It was
from this place that Ja’afer Páshá, when besieged by the troops in
rebellion, made a sally at night, and completely routed the rebels. He
afterwards built this gate. Within the castle are seven hundred houses
and a mosque; the suburb forms the town of Kúmla, which abounds in
gardens; the grapes and pears of Kúmla are much celebrated. There are
seventy mosques, eleven of which are Jamiís (wherein Friday prayer is
said), the best is that of Ferhád Páshá. It is the seat of a Sultán
subordinate to Tabríz. A Kelenter and Darogha keep public order; a
Sultán is here the same as in Turkey a Sanjek Beg, and a Begler Beg is
called a Khán; a Vezír of three tails is called Itimád-ud-devlet; a
Commander-in-chief (Serdár) is here named Sipehsalár; Múnshí answers
to the Turkish Reis Efendí; Kelenter is the same as Alaï Beg, that is
to say Colonel of the Militia, and Darogha is the same as Súbashí or
Lieutenant of police; the head of the Chaúshes or ushers here takes
the name of Yessaúl Aghá, and the Aghá of the Dízchoken is the same
as an Aghá of the janissaries in Turkey. The names of Kúrúji, chief
of the forest guards, and Mihmándár or travelling commissary, are
common both to Turkey and Persia. We advanced from hence five hours
to the district of Serawerd, a great Kent north-west of Tabríz, with
a mosque, khán, and bath. We were entertained here during a whole
night by the Kelenter, and continued our journey next day, hunting
along the river Serawerd to the Kent-Dúsht, where we dined and halted
a little. We proceeded for six hours to the Kent-Jevlán Dorúk in the
district of Serawerd on the river of that name, with one thousand
houses, a bath and mosque. Further on is the Kent of Kánidlis, three
hundred Moslim houses and a mosque; the Armenians have three churches
and three thousand houses. Three hours further is the Kent-Lákid, the
khass of Rokhsháh’s Lady; the inhabitants are Armenian weavers, there
are two thousand houses, a mosque, a khán, and three convents; on the
mount of Serawerd stands a ruined castle. The Kent of Kujabád has five
hundred houses, a khán, a mosque and a bath. We now went eastward to
the district of Rudkát on the north of Tabríz behind mount Sorkháb, a
district of a hundred Kents, which we passed in hunting during three
days.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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