The extent to which serious injury incapacitates a turtle is not known. Surely open wounds are susceptible to infection and to various kinds of secondary injury; normal activity is probably interrupted by a period of quiescence, at least in the period of initial healing. An injured female had a hole, slightly more than one inch in diameter, in the right side of the carapace at the level of the second lateral lamina. A tight, thin membrane stretched between the broken edges of the opening; this membrane contained no bone and was covered externally by scar tissue. It was obvious that this turtle had recovered, at least in part, from a serious injury (inflicted probably by a piece of heavy farm machinery). Minor chips, scratches, and abrasions on the shell result from a variety of sources, some of them mentioned above. Small rounded pits in the bony shell (shell pitting) due to causes other than mechanical injury, are found in nearly all kinds of turtles according to Carpenter (1956), Hunt (1957), and my personal observation. In _T. ornata_, however, the condition is less common than in the specimens of _T. carolina_ described by Carpenter and in the remaining species of _Terrapene_ that I have examined. Carpenter (1956:86) came to no conclusion as to the cause of shell pitting in _Terrapene carolina_ but suggested that a variety of factors including parasitic fungi, parasitic invertebrates, and simple shell erosion, might be responsible. According to my own observations on turtles in the University of Kansas collections, shell pits range in size and shape from shallow, barely discernible depressions to deep borings; I suspect that shell pitting for turtles in general has many causes, some of which may be of more frequent occurrence in one species than in another. Hunt (1957:20) presumably was referring to shell pitting by a more suitable name when he wrote of, "... necrosis ... of mycotic origin." Hunt (_loc. cit._) stated that "Of those cases which have been recently examined, the author found all were due to the invasion of Mucorales beneath the plates of the epidermal laminae. This disease is of extremely common occurrence and has been found in all members of the order but is seldom found in marine species. Mycosis more frequently occurs on the plastron than on the carapace." Hunt presented no evidence to support his statement regarding invasion of the shell by Mucorales. Evidence that injury to the soft parts of the body is also fairly common is seen in the many _T. ornata_ with missing feet and legs. Stumps resulting from amputations are covered with tough, calloused skin and sometimes by horny tissue similar to that of the antebrachial scales. Amputees are incapacitated only slightly in normal locomotion if a functional stump remains; probably a cripple is somewhat handicapped in other functions, such as burrowing, nest digging (females), and copulation (males). Causes of amputation are discussed in the section on predators.