Natural History of the Ornate Box Turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata AgassizLegler, John M.
Science
Natural History of the Ornate Box Turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata Agassiz
Legler, John M.
Ornate box turtle
Concerning the larvae of _T. alfreddugesi_, Loomis (1956:1260) wrote,
"In northeastern Kansas, larvae become numerous in early June (shortly
after they first appear), increase in numbers to greatest abundance
throughout late June and July, decrease slightly in August, become
markedly reduced in September, and only a few larvae (mostly on hosts)
remain in October and early November." He considered _T. alfreddugesi_
to be the most abundant chigger mite in Kansas and stated (_op.
cit._:1265) that it is most common "... in open fields supporting good
stands of grasses, weeds and shrubs, and where moderate to large
populations of vertebrates are present." Loomis listed ornate box
turtles (_op. cit._:1261-2) as important hosts of _Trombicula
alfreddugesi_ but noted that box turtles are not so heavily infested
as are certain other reptiles. The two other species of chigger mites
that Loomis (_op. cit._:1368) found on _T. ornata_ in Kansas (_T.
lipovskyana_ and _T. montanensis_) were not found in the present
study.
Box turtles were considered to have chigger infestations when the
reddish larvae could be detected with the unaided eye. No chiggers
were seen on turtles in the period from spring emergence until June
13, 1955. On the latter date a few scattered chiggers were noted on
several individuals and it was on this same date that the writer
received his first "chigger bites" of the year. Numbers of chiggers
increased in the latter half of June and heavily infested turtles were
noted throughout July. No chiggers were seen on box turtles after
mid-September in 1955.
Chiggers were ordinarily found only on the soft parts of the turtles'
bodies. Early in the season infestations were chiefly on the head and
neck. Favorite sites of attachment were the point where the skin of
the neck joins the carapace and on the skin around the eyes. Later in
the season some chiggers could be found on nearly every part of the
body where soft skin was present; concealed areas of skin, such as the
axillary and inguinal pockets, the anal region, and the inner rim of
the carapace (where it joins the skin of the body), harbored
concentrations of chiggers. Juveniles were relatively more heavily
infested than adults and, even early in the season, had chiggers
attached along many of the interlaminal seams of the shell. Broad
areas of soft, newly-formed epidermis on the shells of juveniles
probably afforded a better place of attachment to chiggers than did
the interlaminal seams of adults. The interlaminal seams and
transverse hinges of adults were not infested until the height of the
season of chigger activity. Heavily infested adults, observed in early
July, were literally covered with chiggers; red larvae outlined nearly
all the scutes of the shell, the anus, the mouth, and the eyes. When
turtles were picked up for examination, chiggers could be seen moving
rapidly from one interlaminal seam to another.
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