Natural History of the Ornate Box Turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata AgassizLegler, John M.
Science
Natural History of the Ornate Box Turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata Agassiz
Legler, John M.
Ornate box turtle
Few first-hand observations on predators of _T. ornata_ are available
and I have found little direct evidence of predation in the course of
this study. In general, adults of the species seem to have few natural
enemies other than man. Several of my colleagues at the University of
Kansas have observed dogs carrying box turtles in their mouths or
chewing on them. Frank B. Cross told me his dog caught and ate young
_T. ornata_ in Payne County, Oklahoma, and A. B. Leonard once saw a
badger carrying one in Dewy County, Oklahoma. At the Reservation, a
freshly killed juvenile was found beneath the nest of a crow (_Corvus
brachyrhynchos_) and remains of a hatchling were found in a scat of a
copperhead (_Agkistrodon contortrix_).
Dr. Fred H. Dale, Director of the Patuxent Research Refuge, Laurel,
Maryland, kindly furnished photostatic copies of cards, from the
Division of Food Habits Research of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, recording the instances in which _Terrapene ornata_ was
listed as a food-item. In one instance the stomach of each of two
nestlings, in the same nest, of the White-necked Raven (_Corvus
cryptoleucus_) in Terry County, Texas, contained remains of recently
hatched ornate box turtles; the remains of one turtle made up 64 per
cent of the contents of one stomach, and parts of three turtles made
up 80 per cent of the contents of the other stomach. Each of two
stomachs of the coyote (_Canis latrans_) from Quay County, New Mexico,
contained a "trace" of ornate box turtle.
Wild carnivores known to occur on the Damm Farm were raccoons
(_Procyon lotor_), striped skunks (_Mephitis mephitis_), badgers
(_Taxidea taxus_), and coyotes (_Canis latrans_); all were suspect as
predators of ornate box turtles.
On December 10, 1953, ten dead box turtles (eight adults and two
juveniles) were discovered at the top of a cut bank on the Damm Farm,
within a few feet of a burrow that was used at least part of the time
by a striped skunk. The condition of the turtles suggested that they
had lain in the open for several weeks. The heads and legs were
missing from most of the turtles and tooth marks were discernible on
several of the shells. A logical explanation of this occurrence is
that the turtles, using the burrow as a hibernaculum, were ousted by a
predator that also inhabited the burrow. Turtles moving about
sporadically in late autumn may be quickly chilled by a sudden drop in
temperature and therefore be more susceptible to predation than at
other times of the year. Two of my colleagues at the Museum of Natural
History informed me that they had observed similar concentrations of
dead _T. ornata_ in winter.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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