Natural History of the Ornate Box Turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata AgassizLegler, John M.
Science
Natural History of the Ornate Box Turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata Agassiz
Legler, John M.
Ornate box turtle
Turtles seen feeding under natural conditions displayed remarkable
agility in making lunges, consisting of one or two short steps and a
thrust of the head, at moving objects. Turtles kept in my home were
able, after being conditioned to hand-feeding, quickly to intercept a
grape rolled slowly across a linoleum-covered floor.
Frederick R. Gehlbach told me that, of several species of captive
turtles observed by him, _T. ornata_ characteristically walked with
the plastron held well above the substrate, as did _Gopherus
berlandieri_, but that _T. carolina_ (specimens from the northeastern
U. S.) dragged their shells as they walked. Apparently _T. carolina_
in Kansas (currently referred to the subspecies _triunguis_) differs
somewhat in gait from populations in the eastern part of the range;
several individuals of _T. carolina_ from Kansas that I observed in
captivity, kept their plastra raised well above the smooth, hard
substrate over which they walked.
Box turtles at the Damm Farm were able easily to climb ravine banks
that sloped at an angle of 45 degrees and, with some difficulty, could
climb banks as steep as 65 degrees. Most individuals, however, were
reluctant to walk directly downward on banks as steep as 45 degrees.
Several individuals were seen to lose footing when climbing up or down
a steep bank and to roll or slide to the bottom. Ordinarily, _T.
ornata_ is able to climb over a sheer surface as high as its shell is
long, provided the surface is rough enough to give some traction to
the foreclaws. The claws of first one, then the other forefoot are
placed over the top of the barrier and then a hind foot, extended as
far forward as possible, secures a hold as the turtle goes over the
barrier.
A number of observations on speed were made in the field where
distance traveled and time elapsed were known approximately. Speeds
ranged from 20 to 100 feet per hour in the course of foraging. Higher
speeds (400 or more feet in one hour) were for turtles moving along
pathways or seeking shelter. Gould (1957:346) observed somewhat faster
speeds in _T. carolina_ (192 feet per hour in cloudy weather and 348
feet per hour in sunny weather); he observed individuals that had been
removed from their normal home ranges.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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