Natural History of the Ornate Box Turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata AgassizLegler, John M.
Science
Natural History of the Ornate Box Turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata Agassiz
Legler, John M.
Ornate box turtle
Stickel (1950:375) placed considerable importance on the occurrence of
transient turtles in populations of _T. carolina_; in estimating
population density, she added to her study area a peripheral strip,
half as wide as the average, estimated home range, to account for
turtles that had home ranges only partly within the study area. The
study area used by Stickel had no natural boundaries, as habitat
conditions on all sides were essentially the same as those of the
study area itself. The pasture at the Damm Farm, on the contrary, is a
relatively isolated area of natural grassland, bordered by rock
fences and cultivated fields. I believe that most of the box turtles
found on the pasture were permanent residents there. Individual box
turtles at the Damm Farm seemingly occupied but one home range and it
did not change from year to year. Populations of _T. ornata_ in areas
less isolated than the Damm Farm, like the populations of _T.
carolina_ studied by Stickel (_loc. cit._), could be expected to have
a higher percentage of transient individuals and individuals with
multiple or changing home ranges. Henry S. Fitch told me that he
considered most of the individuals of _T. ornata_ that were captured
only once at the Reservation were transients.
Several females at the Damm Farm traveled long distances from their
home ranges to nest but other females nested within their known or
estimated home ranges. Seemingly a complex of environmental factors,
including soil texture, weather, availability of water, and possibly
the urge for random wandering in the breeding season, governs the
distances traveled by gravid females and the ultimate selection of a
satisfactory nesting site. Females, because of their more extensive
travels in the nesting season, seem more likely than males to have
multiple or changing home ranges. Males of _T. ornata_ did not
noticeably alter the extent or pattern of their movements in the
breeding season. Hibernacula, unlike nesting sites, were within the
known or estimated home ranges of all individuals studied.
[Illustration: FIG. 28. The movements of an adult (non-gravid)
female of _T. o. ornata_ in the house pond area at the Damm
Farm during a period of 24 days in July, 1955 (solid line), and
a period of three days (broken line) in July, 1956. Solid dots
represent the points where the turtle was found as her thread
trail was mapped; hollow symbols represent points of recapture
when no trailing thread was attached to the turtle.]
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