Natural History of the Racer Coluber constrictorFitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Science
Natural History of the Racer Coluber constrictor
Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Racer snake
In accounts of the racer in the humid southeastern United States,
Brimley (1903:261), Wright and Bishop (1915:160) and Tinkle (1959:195)
mentioned the ease with which the eggs might be found and the
superficial situations in which they were sometimes deposited. Both
Wright and Bishop, and Tinkle made field studies in swamps, where
presumably the subsoil was saturated with moisture and too wet for the
eggs. Tinkle mentioned finding one clutch beneath a discarded
newspaper and another beneath a small, thin board. Surface (1906:167)
stated that in Pennsylvania the eggs were to be found in loose soil,
in sawdust piles, or in decaying wood of hollow logs or trees. Clark
(1949:249) stated that in northern Louisiana the eggs are laid in
soft, moist soil such as may be found beside decaying logs. Minton
(1944:457) found two clutches under flat stones on hillsides in
Indiana. In the more arid climates of the far western states the
species' habits are much different in this regard. Through many years
of familiarity with _C. c. mormon_, I have never seen its eggs.
Presumably nests in this part of the range are deep underground, most
often in old burrows of the pocket gopher (_Thomomys_), which are so
abundant that in many areas the soil is riddled with them. Burrows of
the ground squirrels (_Spermophilus_ sp.) and other small digging
mammals also provide potential insulated nest sites with the favorably
moderate temperatures and high humidities that the eggs of snakes
require.
On the morning of July 10, 1962, I was directed to the sites of two
clutches recently plowed up, 1-1/2 miles north of the Reservation (Pl.
21, Fig. 2). The eggs were in a fallow field having a stand of
sunflowers three to five feet high. The plow blades turned the soil at
a depth of approximately seven inches. In each instance only a few
eggs were visible. They were well scattered in the loose soil turned
up by the plow; 21 were found in one clutch and 10 in the other. All
the eggs were intact except two that had minute punctures from which
liquid oozed. Seemingly the eggs _in situ_ had been well above the
level of the blade--at depths of four to five inches. No nest
cavities were discernible where the eggs were found, but elsewhere in
the field tunnels of moles (_Scalopus aquaticus_) and prairie voles
(_Microtus ochrogaster_) were exposed by the plow. Presumably the eggs
had been in such tunnels, which had disappeared as the loose soil
crumbled. Another clutch was discovered in an adjoining field on July
16. The nine eggs were at depths ranging from 6-1/2 to nine inches,
and only the two topmost eggs had been turned up by the plow. All
three clutches were within a few feet of the edges of the fields.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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