Nature readers : $b Sea-side and way-side. No. 4Wright, Julia McNair
Science
Nature readers : $b Sea-side and way-side. No. 4
Wright, Julia McNair
Nature study -- Juvenile literature; Readers
What is the life history of our frog? From seed to seed is plant-life
story; from egg to egg is frog story. The eggs of the frog are
deposited in roundish masses attached to sticks lying in water, or to
the stems and leaves of submerged water-plants. The creature which
comes from this egg is no more like a frog, than a caterpillar is like
a butterfly. It has a big head and no limbs, and what of it is not head
seems to be tail. In fact, in this stage the creature is more like a
fish than a frog, and has branched gills. The gills are nearly covered
by a fold of skin. Have you seen it? It is a tadpole. This tadpole can
live only in water, and swims and feeds from the first instant of its
free life. Change in its shape begins almost immediately: the branched
gills are drawn within the neck and hidden; a pair of fore-legs begin
to bud, and then a pair of hind-legs bud and push out faster than
the fore-legs. As the legs grow the tail is gradually absorbed and
disappears. Meanwhile the interior of the body changes; the lungs and
heart become like those of a reptile. When first the tadpole emerged
from the egg it ate the jelly-like egg cover: then, by means of a pair
of little horny jaws, it ate soft animal or vegetable matter. When its
gills and tail are gone, and its legs are fully formed, it hops out of
the water a perfectly formed frog.
Tadpoles feed on insects and also on each other. They are admirable
preparers of small skeletons. Try the tadpole at this trade; drop into
his pond a dead mouse, or bird, or frog, or squirrel. Soon you will
find a clean, white skeleton, nice enough to put in any museum.
The food of the adult frog is chiefly insects. Less hungry than when in
the tadpole state,--for the tadpole like the child must not only eat
to live but to grow--the frog is not often tempted to vary his diet.
The frog, seated in cool leaf shadows, watches with his great, black,
gold-ringed eyes for such insects as good fortune shall send past his
retreat. As one hovers near, out flies his limber, sticky, notched,
ribbon-like tongue, true to its mark. The insect adheres to the viscous
surface of the projected ribbon, and is gently deposited in the open
throat. During this process the frog maintains a calm, superior,
self-satisfied expression, as if in this still hunt he not so much
satisfied an appetite, as fulfilled a mission of ridding nature of
superfluous insects. He seems to have no malice toward the insects; he
is merely giving them an honorable burial, and saving them from the
further perplexities of life.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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