Nature's Teachings: Human Invention Anticipated by NatureWood, J. G. (John George)
History
Nature's Teachings: Human Invention Anticipated by Nature
Wood, J. G. (John George)
Inventions; Natural history
Any one who wishes to see the exercise of this power can do so by
attending the Zoological Gardens, and visiting the Pelicans at
feeding-time, and an hour or two before it. They hardly seem to be the
same birds. Some years ago I made a series of sketches of the same
Pelican under different circumstances, and it is scarcely possible to
believe that they could be, as they are, truthful representations of the
same bird.
* * * * *
THE right-hand figure of the next illustration requires no comment, as
it simply represents the ordinary hen-coop.
As everybody is aware, the object of the coop is to keep the hen within
its bars, while the little chicks can run in and out as they choose, and
the coop is made so as to prevent the egress of the mother, while the
offspring find no difficulty in escaping.
* * * * *
NOW, in the world of insects we find an exactly analogous structure. As
is the case with many hymenopterous insects, there is in the nest of the
Termite, or White Ant, as it is popularly called, a single perfect
female, which is the mother of the nest. A similar arrangement occurs in
the common hive-bee, but there is a notable distinction between the
queen Bee and the queen Termite, the latter belonging to the
neuropterous order.
[Illustration: QUEEN TERMITE IN HER CELL.]
[Illustration: HEN IN HER COOP.]
The former is unconfined, and moves about from cell to cell, depositing
her eggs within them, and taking the greatest pains that they occupy
exactly their proper place within the cell. The latter never moves after
she has begun to deposit eggs, but remains motionless in the same spot,
and allows her subordinates to dispose of the eggs which she lays.
How this end is achieved will now be seen.
The reader is probably aware that the queen Termite attains to enormous
dimensions, her head, thorax, and legs retaining their normal size, but
the abdomen becoming several inches in length, and thick in proportion.
The legs are necessarily unable to move so vast a body, and in order
that so important a personage should not receive injury, a large oval
cell is built around her, from which she never moves for the rest of her
life. She has but one duty, namely, to lay eggs, and so is fed that she
may have strength to produce them. She is simply passive, and never even
sees her eggs, much less has care of her young.
All the care of guarding and nurturing the eggs and young falls upon the
worker Termites. These insects are quite small, about the size of our
common Wood-ant.
When they build the clay cell around their queen, they bore a number of
holes along the sides, which are just large enough to allow the workers
to pass freely, but which effectually exclude the soldier Termites, or
any foes larger than themselves.
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