The Brazilian iron-clad corvette Brazil, although built as late as 1866, is a good example of the primitive iron construction as applied to vessels of war. The keel of this vessel is what is known as the solid-bar type, the plates forming the garboard-strakes turning down on each side of it. The frames, made of upper and lower angle-irons strengthened from the amidship line to the turn of the bilge by a deep web, abut against an interior keel formed of a single plate surmounted by a flat plate-keelson, the frames, keels, and keelson being thoroughly bound together by angle-iron. The stem is scarfed into the keel, rising as a continuation of it and being rabbeted for the reception of the bow-plates. The main longitudinal strengthening consists in an iron bulkhead rising from the bilge to the under side of the main-deck and running fore and aft, forming water-tight wing passages. Just outside of the edges of the plate-keelson is what is called an intercostal longitudinal frame, consisting of short plates between the webs of the frames and secured to them by angle-irons; these frames run fore and aft. In addition to these longitudinal supports, a wide stringer-plate is carried along underneath the water-ways of both decks. In the formation of the armor-shelf, the exterior angle-irons of the frames, turned back along the edge of the web, form the shelf, while the interior angle-irons are carried up unbroken to the plank-sheer. The plating is the system generally applied of every other plate lapping on both edges. [Illustration: Brazil.] [Illustration: Warrior.]