Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus SmiliscaDuellman, William Edward
Science
Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus Smilisca
Duellman, William Edward
Amphibians -- Central America; Frogs; Smilisca
Within the _baudini_ group, the skull of _S. cyanosticta_ is the most
generalized of the three species; the cranial characters are
intermediate between _S. phaeota_ and _S. baudini_. The lateral margins
of the skull in _S. cyanosticta_ are gently curved, and have an
angularity anterior to the palatine-maxillary suture; the anterior
margins are less angular in _S. phaeota_, which has a broader snout.
Posteriorly in _S. baudini_ the margins are slightly curved
medially, and the greatest width of the skull is between the
quadratojugal-maxillary sutures on either side of the skull. The
frontoparietals of _S. cyanosticta_ bear slightly irregular lateral
margins and a large fontanelle. There is a tendency for obliteration of
the fontanelle with increasing age in both _S. baudini_ and _S.
cyanosticta_; the lateral margins of the frontoparietals bear large
supraorbital flanges in both of these species. In _S. phaeota_ the
flanges are most prominent; they extend posterolaterally with straight
margins along two-thirds of the length of the orbit and terminate in
rather blunt points. The broad interorbital flanges result in a
relatively broad external interorbital distance. In _S. baudini_ the
flanges are curved posterolaterally around the orbit and terminate in
sharp, thin points. The tegmen tympani of all three species are massive.
In _S. cyanosticta_ the prooetics slope posteriorly, whereas they slope
anteriorly in _S. baudini_ and _S. phaeota_.
The skulls of _S. cyanosticta_ and _S. baudini_ are alike in certain
respects. The squamosals of both species are large and connected to the
maxillary by a bony connection; the squamosals of _S. phaeota_ are
large, but extend only two-thirds of the distance from the dorsal end of
the quadrate to the maxillary. In _S. baudini_ and _S. cyanosticta_ the
nasals are separated throughout their lengths from the ethmoid, whereas
the nasals of _S. phaeota_ are separated from the ethmoid by cartilage.
The latter separation is due to an incomplete ossification of the nasals
in _S. phaeota_. The bony part of each nasal is constricted in the
middle of the long axis of the bone, and the nasals are widest
anteriorly; posteriorly each nasal bears a medial process, which is
narrowly separated from the lateral edge of the ethmoid.
Table 5.--Variation in the Number of Teeth in the Species of
Smilisca. (All Are Males; N = Number of Jaws, or Twice the Number
of Individuals; Means Are Given in Parentheses After the Observed
Ranges.)
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