Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus SmiliscaDuellman, William Edward
Science
Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus Smilisca
Duellman, William Edward
Amphibians -- Central America; Frogs; Smilisca
_Note repetition rate._--The rate at which notes in call-groups
containing two or more notes are produced varies in _S. baudini_ from
2.5 to 7.1 (average, 3.7) calls per second; _cyanosticta_, 1.8-2.1
(1.9); _phaeota_, 2.0-2.4 (2.2); _puma_, 1.9-2.9 (2.2); _sila_, 1.3-2.4
(1.8); and _sordida_, 1.5-2.6 (2.1). _Smilisca baudini_, which has
notes of short duration (0.09 to 0.13 seconds), has the fastest
note-repetition rate. Although the individual notes of _S. cyanosticta_
and _S. phaeota_ are relatively long (average, 0.38 and 0.31 seconds,
respectively), the intervals between the notes is short; consequently,
their note-repetition rates do not differ greatly from those of _S.
puma_ and _S. sila_, which have shorter notes (average, 0.13 and 0.16
seconds, respectively) but longer intervals between notes.
_Pulse rate._--Pulses vary in frequency from 78 to 240 per second in the
calls analyzed (only primary notes in _S. puma_ and _S. sila_), but the
variation in any given species is much less than that in the entire
genus (Table 8). _Smilisca puma_ is outstanding in having a high pulse
rate, which is approached only by that of _S. baudini_. Even in the
species having the lowest pulse rates, the pulsations are not audible.
The secondary notes produced by _S. puma_ and _S. sila_ have a slower
pulse rate than the primary notes; often the pulses are audible. In _S.
puma_ the pulse rate of secondary notes is sometimes as low as 48 pulses
per second, and in _S. sila_ still lower (as low as 40 pulses per
second). The upper limits of pulse rate in the secondary notes in these
species merge imperceptibly with the rates of the primary note;
consequently, on the basis of pulse rate alone it is not always possible
to distinguish primary from secondary notes.
_Frequency._--_Smilisca_ produces noisy (as opposed to more musical)
calls, and the energy is distributed throughout the frequency spectrum;
the calls are poorly modulated, except in _S. sordida_, in which two
usually discrete bands of frequency are present (Pl. 11C). For the most
part the calls of _Smilisca_ consist of little modified energy of the
fundamental frequency and of its harmonics, some of which are
emphasized.
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