Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus SmiliscaDuellman, William Edward
Science
Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus Smilisca
Duellman, William Edward
Amphibians -- Central America; Frogs; Smilisca
The tail is about half again as long as the body in _S. baudini_,
_cyanosticta_, _phaeota_, and _puma_; in these species the caudal
musculature is moderately heavy, and the caudal fins are deep. The
caudal musculature is upturned distally in _S. baudini_ and _phaeota_,
and the dorsal fin extends anteriorly onto the body in these two species
and in _S. puma_. The tail is about twice as long as the body in _S.
sila_ and _sordida_. In both species the caudal fins are shallow in
comparison with the depth of the caudal musculature, especially in _S.
sordida_ (Fig. 14); in neither species does the dorsal fin extend
anteriorly onto the body.
[Illustration: FIG. 11. Tadpoles of _Smilisca baudini_: (A) Stage
21 (KU 62155) x 10; (B) Stage 25 (KU 68467) x 5; (C) Stage 30
(KU 60018) x 4; (D) Stage 41 (KU 60018) x 3.]
_Mouthparts._--The mouth of _S. sordida_ is completely bordered by two
rows of papillae, whereas in the other species the median part of the
upper lip is devoid of papillae. _Smilisca baudini_ and _puma_ have two
rows of papillae; _S. sila_ has one complete row (except medially on the
upper lip) and one incomplete row, and _S. cyanosticta_ and _phaeota_
have only one row (Fig. 15). All species have numerous papillae in the
lateral fold; the fewest lateral papillae are found in _S. cyanosticta_
and _phaeota_. Although all species have two rows of teeth in the upper
jaw and three rows in the lower jaw, specific differences in the nature
of the rows exist between certain species. The second upper tooth-row is
narrowly interrupted medially in _S. sila_ and _sordida_ and broadly
interrupted in the other species. The first upper row is strongly arched
in _S. puma_, moderately arched in _S. baudini_ and _sila_, and weakly
arched in the other species. In all species the third lower tooth-row is
the shortest, only slightly so in _S. sila_ and _sordida_, but only
about half the length of the second lower row in _S. puma_.
[Illustration: FIG. 12. Tadpoles of _Smilisca cyanosticta_:
(A) Stage 21 (KU 87648) (B) Stage 25 (KU 87651) x 5;
(C) Stage 30 (KU 87652) x 4; (D) Stage 40 (KU 87650) x 3.]
The beaks are well developed and finely serrate in all species. The
lower, broadly V-shaped, beak is slender in _S. puma_, rather robust in
_S. baudini_ and _sila_, and moderately heavy in the other species. The
lateral processes of the upper beak are shortest in _S. puma_ and
longest in _S. baudini_ and _sordida_. In the latter the inner margin of
the upper beak and lateral process have the form of a shallow S, whereas
in the other species the inner margin of the upper beak forms a
continuous arch with the lateral processes (Fig. 15).
[Illustration: FIG. 13. Tadpoles of _Smilisca phaeota_: (A) Stage 21
(KU 68479) x 14; (B) Stage 25 (KU 68480) x 5; (C) Stage 30 (KU
68482) x 4; (D) Stage 40 (KU 68483) x 3.]
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