Gregarious men and women carry within themselves the germs of the
possible mob, or of mental epidemics. As social creatures men and
women are naturally suggestible. When this susceptibility or
sensitivity to suggestions becomes abnormally intense, we may say
that they are thrown into a social subconscious, somnambulic state.
We know by psychological and psychopathological experiments
that limitation of voluntary movements and inhibition of free
activities induce a subconscious state. This subconscious state
is characterized by inhibition of the will power,--memory remains
unaffected; consciousness appears intact; the subject is aware of
all that goes on.
Keeping this in mind, we can understand social life, and especially
morbid, social movements, mob life of all ages.
A subconscious state is induced in the organized individual by
the great limitation of his voluntary activities and by the
inhibition of his free critical thought. Bound fast by the strings
of tradition and authority, social men and women are reduced to
subconscious automata. The subconscious rises with the growth of
organized civilization, while the critical, independent powers of
the individual correspondingly fall. Hence the apparent social
paradox that the growth of society tends to destroy the mental
forces which helped to build up civilization.
In such societies the individual staggers under the burden of laws
and taboos. Individuality is stifled under the endless massive
excretions of legislators. Recently even the lawgivers or law
manufacturers began to object to the labor involved in the work
on the ever growing mass of bills introduced into the legislature
of one state alone. Thus a senator of a Western state complained
that in _one_ year over 1700 bills passed through the mill of his
Legislature. Multiply that figure by the number of states, add the
municipal edicts, and the endless laws turned out by the Federal
Government, and one can form some faint idea of the vast burden
laid on the shoulders of the individual citizen.
The Los Angeles Times, which no one will accuse of radicalism,
pointedly remarks: “The State has just issued a reference index to
the laws of California since 1850--it is of itself a bulky volume
of more than 1300 pages. When it takes a book of that size merely
as an _index_ it would seem that the lawmakers had about done their
worst.”
Over-production of laws is one of the great evils of modern
civilization. Civilized society is apt to be obsessed by a state of
law-mania which is a danger and a menace to the free development of
the individual citizen.
The Roman legal thinkers left us two significant sayings: _Ex
Senatus consultis et plebiscitis, crimina execrentur_,--(Senatorial
decisions and popular decrees give rise to crimes) and: _Ut olim
vitiis, sic nunc legibus laboramus_,--(As we formerly suffered
from vices and crimes so we suffer at present from laws and
legislation)....
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