The =calvarium= was dense and the =dura mater= everywhere adherent. The =arachnoidal villi= were but slightly developed, but there was one small focus of cortical herniation through the dura mater of the left middle cranial fossa. The =pia mater= was delicate except for slight opacities along sulci. There was some pial thickening over the region of the interparietal sulci on both sides. There was pial pigmentation anteriorly and superiorly. There is no gross evidence of intracranial arteriosclerosis, except (1) that afforded by the lesions of the dentate nuclei of the cerebellum mentioned below and (2) the swerving to the right of the basilar artery, possibly due not to arteriosclerotic lengthening of the artery but to an unusual shape of the pons (see below). The =brain= weighed 1245 grams (cerebellum and pons 165 grams). =The anatomical diagnoses of central nervous system= were: Slight general encephalomalacia (post mortem imbibition of fluid, 31 hours). Slight gliosis of right prefrontal and frontal gyri. Slight gliosis of right optic thalamus. Generalized granular ependymitis, especially near fornix and about foramina of Monro. Anomaly of pons (not gliotic, but possessing far more white matter on the left side than the right). Severe arteriosclerosis confined to the dentate nuclei of the cerebellum. As we now look over the data in Cases 40 and 41 we are inclined to ask the question, whether modern systematic diagnosis would not have shown these cases to be NEUROSYPHILITIC? One is inclined to answer this question in the affirmative, on the basis that Case 40 showed somewhat questionable Argyll-Robertson pupils, and Case 41 showed unilateral Argyll-Robertson effect. Both cases showed Romberg sign, but the dentate nucleus and other cerebellar disease in each case may in some way have contributed to or imitated this phenomenon. Whether Case 40 was a tabetic must remain a question, but Case 41 must be regarded as a case with spinal and meningeal changes highly characteristic of syphilis. =VASCULAR NEUROSYPHILIS plus TABETIC NEUROSYPHILIS (“tabes dorsalis”) simulating paretic neurosyphilis (“general paresis”). Autopsy.=