Upon this basis, if we regard the confusional phenomena as malarial and the persistent mental phenomena as characteristic of a moron and somewhat exaggerated by the disease, we have merely to explain the suggestive pupils. As to these, it must be remembered that though they reacted poorly to light, still they reacted somewhat, so it is not a question of explaining an Argyll-Robertson pupil, but only an impaired pupillary reaction. Of course, some workers are of the opinion that pupillary changes, perhaps even the Argyll-Robertson pupils, may occur in syphilitic cases that are not neurosyphilitic, or at all events are not victims of central neurosyphilis. Finally, we must remember that there are cases of neurosyphilis of a vascular type which yield negative spinal fluids. The case leaves many questions unanswered. =Can paretic and non-paretic neurosyphilis be differentiated by means of the gold sol reaction? The gold sol reaction in this case was an extremely mild one and would not at all have warranted the diagnosis GENERAL PARESIS, yet the discovery of a heavy meningeal exudate including an unusually heavy deposit of plasma cells even in the spinal pia mater will perhaps warrant us in making a final retrospective diagnosis of paretic neurosyphilis. Autopsy.= =Case 68.= We would like to give the full effect of our surprise at the outcome of the case of Margaret O’Brien, a school-teacher, 26 years of age. To be sure, Miss O’Brien developed symptoms at 22 or 23 which we can now explain consistently with the outcome of the case; for at that time, she began to complain of severe pain in the head, especially in the forehead and temples, and also became nervous, unable to remain quiet, and given to insomnia. She was markedly depressed at the time and would refuse to talk at times. However, only the headache in this prodromal period could be regarded as particularly suggestive of syphilis, and headache in an over-worked school-teacher is not uncommon. In fact, the picture presented by the patient was one of catatonic dementia praecox. The patient was admitted to the hospital after a sudden onset of excitement. At first she was very restless, continually looking about and getting up and walking away from the examiner, giving the impression of understanding all questions but preserving an air of indifference. A few days later, the patient was gotten to answer more coöperatively. She remarked that the hospital was heaven although in Boston; that it was summer time (correct) and that her memory was greatly impaired. The physician was a messenger of God (delusion later corrected). The patient had not done God’s will; her breath was leaving her; God’s voice was heard from time to time, and Miss O’Brien had heard it for a long time. God tells her to do His will. However, as Miss O’Brien remarked, “I must think all this nonsense, turning against God.”