Paretic neurosyphilis (“general paresis”) macroscopically normal, microscopically characteristic. Treatment does not have to face massive destructive processes already complete. ] =Microscopically= there was a distinct though mild degree of lymphocytosis of the perivascular spaces in many regions. Somewhat extended _search failed to reveal plasma cells_, and it is certain that if plasma cells existed, they must have occurred in very small numbers. Here, then, was a case of DIFFUSE NEUROSYPHILIS (with brain picture consistent) with symptoms lasting but 22 days and with an appearance of acute mania. It is to be noted that this case arrived at the hospital on the eleventh day of his symptoms. The case occurred long before the development of the temporary care system in Massachusetts. It is probable, or at any rate possible, that he would have been brought to the hospital far earlier, say, upon the sixth day, had the modern temporary care system been installed at that time. The routine W. R. examination would then have been made. With more effective hydrotherapy, it is possible that the patient’s life might have been prolonged and that treatment might have been effective. So far as we can see, the case would have been a singularly good one for treatment despite the practical unmanageability of the case under ordinary home treatment, and even under hospital conditions where modern hydrotherapeutic appliances are not available. =PARETIC NEUROSYPHILIS showing very MARKED MENINGITIS, suggesting that therapy might have produced improvement. Autopsy.= =Case 101.= We report the case of John Baxter, a boat tender of 48 years, because this particular victim of PARETIC NEUROSYPHILIS seems to have had the most markedly thickened and altered meninges in our whole series. Of course, the therapeutic theory upon which we now proceed in the treatment of non-paretic and possibly even of paretic neurosyphilis is that, other things being equal, the meningitis can be removed by treatment, or in the course of treatment, so that the degree of ultimate recovery rather depends upon the condition of the brain substance itself than upon the condition of the meninges. Here, at all events, is an example of the most highly meningitic neurosyphilis that we have seen. Curiously enough, two of Baxter’s brothers were also patients at the hospital at which Baxter died, and a number of the other members of the family are reported as “nervous.” It seems that at 35 Baxter began to drink heavily and had never given over the habit of alcoholism. Upon admission to the hospital, in fact, he showed a sufficiently typical picture of delirium tremens. His consciousness was clouded, he had vivid visual hallucinations and was very apprehensive.