The vessels at the base are normal. There is no evidence of pial thickening at the base of the brain. =Brain= weight, 1265 grams. There is visible atrophy of both superior frontal gyri and of the upper two-thirds of both central gyri. The extent of palpable sclerosis surpasses that of visible atrophy. Palpable increase of consistence is shown by the prefrontal, orbital (more marked on left side), frontal, central, hippocampal and occipital regions. The temporal cortex is of normal or slightly reduced consistence. Section of the cerebral cortex shows everywhere preservation of the cortical markings. The sclerosed areas show a diminution in depth of the cortex, which is more marked in the left prefrontal region. The white matter of the centrum semiovale of the prefrontal and occipital regions on both sides shows an increase of consistence. The cerebellar cortex also shows variations in consistence. The clivus and lobus cacuminis and the posterior half of the inferior surfaces of both cerebellar hemispheres are firmer than normal. The laminæ of the left clivus are a trifle narrower than those of the right. There is visible extensive atrophy of the laminæ on both sides of a fissure in the middle of the left lobus cacuminis. In the coördinate portion of the right cacumen there is a similar process which is less marked. The dentate nuclei are firm. The olives show an increase of consistence, equal on both sides. The left olive shows on section a crowding together of its folds in the middle part of the upper limb. Spinal cord was not remarkable. =Summary=: Adhesive pachymeningitis Chronic fibrous leptomeningitis Miliary pial macules Cerebral atrophy Cerebral sclerosis Cerebellar atrophy and sclerosis Bronchopneumonia Chronic splenitis Nephritis Aortitis =It is generally recognized that DIFFUSE NEUROSYPHILIS (“cerebrospinal syphilis”) frequently is cured through antisyphilitic therapy. Example. Mental improvement, in one month; recovery from paralysis, ten months.= =Case 104.= John Edwards, a man of 28 years, well developed and nourished, with general enlargement of glands and skin lesions, came to the hospital in a stuporous condition, with evidences of a complete hemiplegia. According to the wife, Edwards had had a chancre of the lip about a year before, for which he had been treated with an intravenous injection, presumably of salvarsan, and also presumably with mercury. The lip lesion had then disappeared. For a month before admission, Edwards had had headache and dizziness, for which he was given pills and drugs. There had also been difficulty with speech and numbness of the left arm as far up as the elbow, but this paresthesia had quickly disappeared. The hemiplegia was of only a few days’ duration. After a feeling of nausea and vomiting, the patient had fallen with left-sided paralysis. Afterwards, he had shown mental peculiarities, eventually becoming noisy, hard to manage, and appropriate for hospital care.